chapters 7-10 and 14-18 (see chapter 6 in other set of cards)
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Created by sarah_walatka
almost 9 years ago
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Close
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Created by sarah_walatka
almost 9 years ago
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most popular data collection technique
collect data at 2 or more time periods
data collected at one point in time, across a population
cohort effect
pros and cons of cross sectional research
pros and cons of longitudinal research
research that uses quantitative terms to describe the degree to which variables are related
a comparison of the amount of variability between two variables
small r means what?
do you want small or large variance?
the correlation coefficient
r always falls within what range?
common variance shared between 2 variables
how much error you will take
what kind of studies use correlations to gain insight into factors for future studies?
what kinds of studies assess complex issues with a variety of factors using correlations (what variables are related to each other)?
what are the benefits of relationship studies?
what kind of studies have two variables that are highly related and can be used to make predictions (example?)
do prediction studies have IV and DVs?
are they scientific? measurement based?
what is the difference between experimental and causal-comparative research?
what kind of study has observation of differences between groups to see why conditions exist or why something happened? ...describes conditions which already exist?... attempts to determine causes?
what kind of research starts with the effect, then investigates the cause? (retrospective approach)
what are the limitations of C-C research?
how do you conduct C-C research?
how do you randomize the assignment of control and experimental groups in C-C research?
which kind of research tests hypotheses that concern cause and effect?
in the following hypothesis, what is the IV?DV? experimental group?
TINSD in the blood triglycerides of those consuming a low carbohydrate diet versus those who are not consuming a low carbohydrate diet
what are threats to experimental validity
internal validity vs. external validity
an event occurred which is not part of the study (ex: Sept 11)
threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
physical or mental changes of subjects (ex: puberty)
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
pretest sensitization - potential of a treatment's effect on subjects
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
invalid assessment tool
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
subjects selected on their extreme scores
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
loss of subjects
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
6 threats to internal validity - name 2
subjects respond differently d/t pretest given
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
same subjects get more than 1 treatment
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
differential selection of subjects
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
problems with subject selection, variable definition, instruments, etc
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
biases, personal impact, influence subjects' behavior, etc.
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
number of factors used to control the study
- threat to internal or external validity? what is it called?
6 threats to external validity - name 2
degree to which a test measures an intended area
2 kinds of content validity
does the test appear to do what it wishes
degree to which a test measures a desired observable trait
degree to which a test is related to another test
degree to which a test can predict how a subject will do in the future
7 types of validity - name 2
degree to which scores are consistent over time
two tests that are identical except the actual items included
(same structure, # of items, content is different)
make comparisons on two halves of a test
used to measure internal consistency, appropriate when a test is long
determines how all items on a test relate to all other items on the total test (Kuder-Richardson formula)
important for subjective questions and when more than one person is scoring the test
5 types of reliability - name 2
format considerations for questionnaire construction
problems with survey questions
condition that exists in quantitative research when 2 or more variables measure the same things
narrative and visual (non-numerical) data
research usually done over a period of time, with intensive data collection in a naturalistic setting, not trying to control, looks at bigger picture (feeling, beliefs, meanings)
T/F: Generalizability is not important in qualitative research
what kind of sampling is often used in qualitative research?
main data collection method for qualitative research
what are some things to consider when interviewing subjects for qualitative research
"How education changed through history" is an example topic for what kind of qualitative research?
what kind of research involves watching participants
non-participant observation - what is it? what are benefits?
participant-based observation - what is it? pros and cons?
research where participants are observed in their natural setting
research where participants role-play in a fake setting
study of how different humans experience the world around them; involves photos and written accounts about experiences and meanings attached
study of cultural patterns and perspectives in a natural setting... what is it called? what is the goal?
research that focuses on one unit; to study phenomena that are not easily studied by other research methods
goals in data analysis/interpretation of qualitative research?
degree to which observations accurately reflect what was observed
what method is used to ensure validity in qualitative research
multiple methods used to verify the truth of what is being observed
