Dodong Aleta
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Chemical Periodicity

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Dodong Aleta
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4. Chemical Periodicity

4. Chemical Periodicity

Question 1 of 47

1

Noble gases do not participate in any chemical reactions.

Select one of the following:

  • True. Absolutely all of them do not participate in any chemical reactions.

  • False. The heavier ones are found to participate in chemical reactions, mostly with fluorine and oxygen.

  • False. Most of them participate in chemical reactions, contrary to popular belief.

  • Scientists are not yet sure.

Explanation

Question 2 of 47

1

These are a group of elements that have their outermost electron occupying their outer s or p orbital

Select one of the following:

  • Group A or Representative Elements

  • Group B or Transition Elements

  • Both Group A and Group B

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 3 of 47

1

These electrons have the greatest influence on the properties of elements

Select one of the following:

  • Innermost electrons

  • Outermost electrons

  • Both innermost and outermost

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 4 of 47

1

Adding an electron to an __ usually causes dramatic changes in the physical and chemical properties of the atom

Select one of the following:

  • s or p orbital

  • d or f orbital

  • s or d orbital

  • p or f orbital

Explanation

Question 5 of 47

1

Within a family of representative elements, atomic radii __ from top to bottom. Across a period, it __ from left to right.

Select one of the following:

  • increases; decreases

  • decreases; increases

  • increases; increases

  • decreases; decreases

Explanation

Question 6 of 47

1

It is a measure of the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1+ charge.

Select one of the following:

  • Ionization Energy

  • Activation Energy

  • Electron Affinity

  • Electronegativity

Explanation

Question 7 of 47

1

For a given element, the first ionization energy is always __ the second ionization energy.

Select one of the following:

  • greater than

  • less than

  • almost equal to

  • unrelated to

Explanation

Question 8 of 47

1

The first ionization energies generally __ from left to right across the period, and __ from top to bottom within a family.

Select one of the following:

  • increases; decreases

  • decreases; increases

  • increases; increases

  • decreases; decreases

Explanation

Question 9 of 47

1

Elements from Group __ are exceptions of the periodic trend of first ionization energies because __.

Select one of the following:

  • 2A; having a fully filled s orbital makes them almost as stable as noble gases

  • 3A; it is easier to remove the lone p1 electron than the fully filled s orbital

  • 4A; this is what experimental data is suggesting

  • 8A; they are the noble gases

Explanation

Question 10 of 47

1

Elements with low ionization energies form __.

Select one of the following:

  • ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations

  • ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions

  • molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 11 of 47

1

Elements with intermediate ionization energies form __.

Select one of the following:

  • ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations

  • ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions

  • molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 12 of 47

1

Elements with very high ionization energies form __.

Select one of the following:

  • ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations

  • ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions

  • molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 47

1

It is defined as the energy change when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1- charge.

Select one of the following:

  • Ionization Energy

  • Activation Energy

  • Electron Affinity

  • Electronegativity

Explanation

Question 14 of 47

1

Species are isoelectronic when __.

Select one of the following:

  • when they have the same electron affinity

  • when they have the same electronegativity

  • they have the same number of electrons

  • their outermost electron are in the same suborbital

Explanation

Question 15 of 47

1

Elements from the left side of the periodic table __ to attain noble gas configurations. By contrast, elements from the right side __.

Select one of the following:

  • lose electrons; gain electrons

  • gain electrons; lose electrons

  • lose protons; gain protons

  • gain protons; lose protons

Explanation

Question 16 of 47

1

Simple __ are always smaller than the neutral atoms. Conversely, simple __ are always larger.

Select one of the following:

  • negatively charged ions (anions)
    positively charged ions (cations)

  • positively charged ions (cations)
    negatively charged ions (anions)

  • This question does not make sense.

  • Why am I even here?

Explanation

Question 17 of 47

1

Both cation and anion sizes __ going down a group.

Select one of the following:

  • increase

  • decrease

  • vary irregularly

Explanation

Question 18 of 47

1

Within an isoelectric series, ionic radii __ with __ atomic number because of __ nuclear charge.

Select one of the following:

  • increase
    increasing
    increasing

  • decrease
    decreasing
    decreasing

  • decrease
    increasing
    increasing

  • increase
    decreasing
    decreasing

Explanation

Question 19 of 47

1

It is a measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another atom.

Select one of the following:

  • Ionization Energy

  • Activation Energy

  • Electron Affinity

  • Electronegativity

Explanation

Question 20 of 47

1

Elements with high electronegativities are often __ that gain electrons to form __; those with low are often __ that lose electrons to form __.

Select one of the following:

  • metals; cations
    nonmetals; anions

  • nonmetals; anions
    metals; cations

  • metalloids; cations
    metals; cations

  • metalloids; cations
    nonmetals; anions

Explanation

Question 21 of 47

1

For representative elements, electronegativities usually __ from left to right across periods and __ from top to bottom within groups.

Select one of the following:

  • increase
    decrease

  • decrease
    increase

  • increase
    increase

  • decrease
    decrease

Explanation

Question 22 of 47

1

Electronegativities of the elements are expressed on a somewhat arbitrary scale, called the __.

Select one of the following:

  • Cavendish scale

  • Arrhenius scale

  • Oswald scale

  • Pauling scale

Explanation

Question 23 of 47

1

Two elements with a large difference in electronegativities tend to react with each other to form __ compounds, whereas those with similar electronegativities tend to form __ bonds.

Select one of the following:

  • ionic
    covalent

  • covalent
    ionic

  • Scientists are still working on answering this question.

  • This will not be asked in the November 2015 ChE board exam.

Explanation

Question 24 of 47

1

In simple ionic compounds, it is the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom when forming a compound. For single atom ions, it is the actual charge on the ion.

Select one of the following:

  • Atomic number

  • Nucleon number

  • Oxidation state

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 25 of 47

1

For the most electronegative element, __, the oxidation state is always __.

Select one of the following:

  • hydrogen; +1

  • lithium; +1

  • fluorine; -1

  • oxygen; -2

Explanation

Question 26 of 47

1

He discovered hydrogen which he prepared by passing steam through a red-hot gun barrel, and by reaction of acids with reactive metals.

Select one of the following:

  • Joseph Priestly

  • Henry Cavendish

  • Pierre Janssen

  • Norman Lockyer

Explanation

Question 27 of 47

1

It is currently not very economical to use solar power to continuously electrolyte water to produce hydrogen gas because __.

Select one of the following:

  • it is extremely reactive and unstable

  • it is dangerous to transport due to the fact that it is the lightest gas and can easily leak out

  • it is extremely poisonous to humans

  • it smells really bad

Explanation

Question 28 of 47

1

Hydrogen reacts with metals and other nonmetals to form binary compounds called __.

Select one of the following:

  • hydrides

  • hydrates

  • hydrites

  • acids

Explanation

Question 29 of 47

1

__ are binary compounds containing H- ions, formed when hydrogen gains one electron from an active metal. By contrast, __ contain H+ ions, formed when hydrogen shares electrons with another nonmetal.

Select one of the following:

  • Ionic hydrides
    molecular hydrides

  • Molecular hydrides
    ionic hydrides

  • Ionic hydrates
    molecular hydrates

  • Molecular hydrates
    ionic hydrates

Explanation

Question 30 of 47

1

__ are all basic because they react with water to form hydroxide ions, whereas many __ are acidic because their aqueous solutions contain hydrogen cations.

Select one of the following:

  • Ionic hydrides
    molecular hydrides

  • Molecular hydrides
    ionic hydrides

  • Ionic hydrates
    molecular hydrates

  • Molecular hydrates
    ionic hydrates

Explanation

Question 31 of 47

1

The primary industrial use of hydrogen gas is for the synthesis of __ by the Haber process.

Select one of the following:

  • hydrochloric acid

  • sulfuric acid

  • sodium bicarbonate

  • ammonia

Explanation

Question 32 of 47

1

He discovered oxygen in 1774 by observing the thermal decomposition of mercury (II) oxide, a red powder, to form liquid mercury and a colorless gas.

Select one of the following:

  • Joseph Priestly

  • Henry Cavendish

  • Pierre Janssen

  • Norman Lockyer

Explanation

Question 33 of 47

1

The earth - land, water, and air - is approximately __ % oxygen by mass.

Select one of the following:

  • 25

  • 50

  • 75

  • 85

Explanation

Question 34 of 47

1

Oxygen is __ soluble in water.

Select one of the following:

  • not

  • slightly

  • very

Explanation

Question 35 of 47

1

Oxygen forms oxides by direct combination with all other elements, except the noble gases and noble metals. Which of the following is not a noble metal?

Select one of the following:

  • Au

  • Pd

  • Pt

  • Rh

Explanation

Question 36 of 47

1

Which of the following kind of metallic oxide has oxygen atoms with an oxidation state of -1?

Select one of the following:

  • Normal oxides

  • Peroxides

  • Superoxides

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 37 of 47

1

Which of the following kind of metallic oxide has oxygen atoms with an oxidation state of -1/2?

Select one of the following:

  • Normal oxides

  • Peroxides

  • Superoxides

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 38 of 47

1

Metals that exhibit variable oxidation states (mostly transition metals) react with a limited amount of oxygen to give oxides with __ oxidation states, whereas those that react with excess oxygen give oxides with __ oxidation states.

Select one of the following:

  • lower
    higher

  • higher
    lower

  • lower
    lower

  • higher
    higher

Explanation

Question 39 of 47

1

Oxides of __ are called basic anhydrides (or basic oxides) because many of them combine with water to form bases with no change in oxidation state of the __.

Select one of the following:

  • nonmetals

  • metals

  • metalloids

  • noble gases

Explanation

Question 40 of 47

1

__ oxides are called acid anhydrides (or acidic oxides) because many of them dissolve in water to form acids with no change in oxidation state of the __.

Select one of the following:

  • nonmetals

  • metals

  • metalloids

  • noble gases

Explanation

Question 41 of 47

1

Oxygen combines with __ to form molecular oxides.

Select one of the following:

  • nonmetals

  • metals

  • metalloids

  • noble gases

Explanation

Question 42 of 47

1

__ oxides of nonmetals react with water to give solutions of ternary acids (which contain elements usually H, O, and another nonmetal).

Select one of the following:

  • A few

  • About half

  • About a third

  • Nearly all

Explanation

Question 43 of 47

1

The combination of basic anhydrides with acid anhydrides, with no change in oxidation states, form __.

Select one of the following:

  • hydrogen gas

  • oxygen gas

  • salts

  • water

Explanation

Question 44 of 47

1

It is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which oxygen combines rapidly with oxidizable materials in highly exothermic reactions, usually with a visible flame.

Select one of the following:

  • Combustion

  • Condensation

  • Evaporation

  • Oxidation

Explanation

Question 45 of 47

1

It is an oxide that shows some acidic and some basic properties.

Select one of the following:

  • Amphoteric oxide

  • Aliphatic oxide

  • Anhydrous oxide

  • Amphiprotic oxides

Explanation

Question 46 of 47

1

It is a species containing one or more unpaired electrons, and are very reactive.

Select one of the following:

  • Ion

  • Irrational

  • Radical

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 47 of 47

1

It is the process of heating an ore of an element in the presence of air.

Select one of the following:

  • Refining

  • Roasting

  • Purifying

  • Combustion

Explanation

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