Zainab Hassoun
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Zainab Hassoun
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Antihelminths/Antibacterials/Antifungal/Antiviral/Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Antihelminths/Antibacterials/Antifungal/Antiviral/Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Question 1 of 68

1

Select all that apply. Which of the following are β-lactamase penicillins?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Ampicillin

  • Ticarcillin

  • Methicillin

  • Piperacillin

  • Nafcillin

  • Amoxicillin

Explanation

Question 2 of 68

1

What does PBP1A bind to?

Select one of the following:

  • Transpeptidase

  • Carboxypeptidase

  • Endopeptidase

Explanation

Question 3 of 68

1

Penicillin G is stable in gastric acid.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 68

1

Which of the following penicillins have rapid elimination times less than or equal to 90 minutes?

Select one of the following:

  • Penicillin G

  • Nafcillin

  • Ampicillin

  • Piperacillin

  • Amoxicillin

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 5 of 68

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

One RARE side effect of Penicillin G K+ is .

Explanation

Question 6 of 68

1

Select all that apply. The mechanism of action for penicillins are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • concentration dependent bactericidal action

  • time dependent bactericidal action

  • works best against rapidly dividing bacteria

  • works best against slowly dividing bacteria

  • inhibits transpeptidase activity of PBP3

Explanation

Question 7 of 68

1

Which of the following cause neutropenia?

Select one of the following:

  • Penicillin V

  • Piperacillin

  • Penicillin G

  • Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Combo

  • Vancomycin

  • A, B, and D

  • A and C

  • B, C, and E

Explanation

Question 8 of 68

1

Which of the following is the correct mechanism for how Polymyxins act as antibiotics?

Select one of the following:

  • Binds to ribosome 30s to prohibit protein synthesis

  • Disrupts the integrity of the baceterial cell wall by displacing calcium and magnesium

  • Inhibits the cross-linkages between the peptidoglycan polymer strands

  • Disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane by displacing calcium and magnesium

Explanation

Question 9 of 68

1

Which bacteria are susceptible to enzyme inactivation by beta lactamases?

Select one of the following:

  • Cephalosporins

  • Macrolides

  • Metronidazole

  • Tetracyclines

Explanation

Question 10 of 68

1

Penicillins are narrow spectrum drugs

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 68

1

Select all of the bactericidal antibiotics.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Macrolides

  • Penicillin

  • Tetracycline

  • Cephalexin

  • Aminoglycosides

  • Clindamycin

Explanation

Question 12 of 68

1

Which of the following is NOT a concern of antibiotic (antibacterial specifcially) use?

Select one of the following:

  • Stevens Johnsons

  • Superinfection

  • Teratology

  • Increased effects of oral contraceptives

Explanation

Question 13 of 68

1

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Penicillin G/Penicillin V

Select one of the following:

  • Used for mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections

  • Used against gram positive and gram negative bacteria

  • One of these two can be used for treatment of Rheumatic fever

  • These are all correct

Explanation

Question 14 of 68

1

Which of the following is not an antistaphylococcal penicillin?

Select one of the following:

  • Amoxicillin

  • Methicillin

  • Nafcillin

  • These are all antistaphylococcal penicillins

Explanation

Question 15 of 68

1

Penicillins work by inhibiting with enzyme?

Select one of the following:

  • Integrase

  • Peptidyl transferase

  • Transpeptidase

  • Transcriptase

Explanation

Question 16 of 68

1

Penicillin V is administered by IV only

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 68

1

Which of the following is NOT a possible adverse effect from penicillins?

Select one of the following:

  • Allergy

  • Phlebitis

  • Fungal overgrowth

  • Hemolytic anemia

Explanation

Question 18 of 68

1

Which of the following is true regarding aminopenicillins?

Select one of the following:

  • Resistant to beta lactamases

  • Narrow spectrum

  • Ampicillin has less side effects than amoxicillin

  • Effective against gonorrhea and meningitis

Explanation

Question 19 of 68

1

Select the following that are ineffective against beta lactamases:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Penicillin V

  • Penicillin G

  • Dicloxacillin

  • Amoxicillin

Explanation

Question 20 of 68

1

Which of the following best represents first generation cephalosporins?

Select one of the following:

  • Includes Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone

  • Used for UTI (urinary tract infections) and soft tissue abscesses

  • Effective against Klebsiella and H influenza

  • Used for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

Explanation

Question 21 of 68

1

Which of the following best describes the second generation of cephalosporins?

Select one of the following:

  • Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis

  • Used to treat meningitis

  • Includes the drug Cefuroxime

  • Includes the drug Cefepime

Explanation

Question 22 of 68

1

Protein synthesis inhibitors are considered narrow spectrum antibiotics

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 68

1

Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 68

1

Which of the following best matches the mechanism of tetracyclines?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibition of beta 1-3 glycan of bacterial cell wall, preventing cross linkages

  • Becomes mechanically reduced to toxic metabolite, interacting with DNA

  • Binds to 50s subunit, preventing binding of tRNA to mRNA

  • Binds to 30s subunit, preventing binding of tRNA to mRNA

Explanation

Question 25 of 68

1

Which of the following are targeted by tetracyclines?

Select one of the following:

  • Rickettsia

  • MRSA infections

  • P. vivax malaria

  • All are targeted by tetracyclines

Explanation

Question 26 of 68

1

Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding macrolides?

Select one of the following:

  • Broad spectrum

  • Used as an alternative for patients allergic to penicillins

  • Can be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal, depending on dose (concentration)

  • Kills gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Explanation

Question 27 of 68

1

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Chloramphenicol?

Select one of the following:

  • It is bacteriostatic

  • Binds to 50s ribosome

  • Can be used to treat typhoid fever

  • Can be used for Neisseria gonorrhea

Explanation

Question 28 of 68

1

Chloramphenicol can cause gray baby syndrome.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 68

1

Which of the following is NOT a use for Clindamycin?

Select one of the following:

  • Pseudomembranous colitis

  • Anthrax

  • Toxic shock syndrome

  • Odontogenic infection

Explanation

Question 30 of 68

1

Which of the following is NOT a concern for use of Clindamycin?

Select one of the following:

  • Neuromuscular block

  • Skin rashes

  • Pseudomembranous colitis

  • Fulminant hepatic necrosis

Explanation

Question 31 of 68

1

What is the clinical use of sulfonamides?

Select one of the following:

  • Skin infections

  • UTI (urinary tract infections)

  • Alternative for patients allergic to penicillins

  • Pseudomembranous colitis

Explanation

Question 32 of 68

1

Sulfonamide is a structural analog of DFHR

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 68

1

Sulfonamides can cause which of the following adverse effects?

Select one of the following:

  • Photosensitivity

  • Pseudomembranous colitis

  • Neutropenia

  • Seizures

Explanation

Question 34 of 68

1

Clotrimazole can be used for UTI (urinary tract infections)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 68

1

How do fluoroquinolones kill bacteria?

Select one of the following:

  • They bind to topoisomerase-DNA complexes and form an inactive complex

  • They bind to bacterial ribosomes 30s

  • They inhibit transpeptidases

  • They compromise the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane

Explanation

Question 36 of 68

1

Which of the following can cause Red Man Syndrome?

Select one of the following:

  • Penicillin

  • Erythromycin

  • Vancomycin

  • Sulfamethoxazole

Explanation

Question 37 of 68

1

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of drugs such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin?

Select one of the following:

  • nephrotoxicity

  • vestibular toxicity

  • tooth discoloration

  • cochlear toxicity

Explanation

Question 38 of 68

1

Which of the following cannot be used to treatment of MRSA?

Select one of the following:

  • Linezolid

  • Vancomycin

  • Streptogramins

  • Clindamycin

Explanation

Question 39 of 68

1

MRSA is resistant to ALL penicillins and cephalosporins

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 68

1

Which of the following does NOT increase risk of nephrotoxicity?

Select one of the following:

  • Aminoglycosides

  • Amphoterecin B

  • Cisplatin

  • Macrolides

Explanation

Question 41 of 68

1

Nystatin is not related to Amphoterecin B and can therefore be used systemically.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 42 of 68

1

What type of fungal infection does nystatin treat?

Select one of the following:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis

  • Candida infections

  • Histoplasmosis

  • Asperillosis

Explanation

Question 43 of 68

1

Choose all of the trizoles.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Ketoconazole

  • Itraconazole

  • Fluconazole

  • Voriconazole

  • Miconazole

  • Clotrimazole.

Explanation

Question 44 of 68

1

What is the correct mechanism of azoles?

Select one of the following:

  • Disrupts microtubule function and inhibits dermatophyte growth

  • Binds to membrane Ergosterol

  • Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

  • Inhibits the lanosterol 14 alpha enzyme, preventing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol and disrupts the struction of fungal membrane

Explanation

Question 45 of 68

1

Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of Azoles

Select one of the following:

  • Steven Johnson

  • Increased levels of warfarin

  • Decreased fluconazole levels with isoniazid

  • Nephrotoxicity

Explanation

Question 46 of 68

1

Which of the following antifungals are used to disrupt microtubule (spindle) function?

Select one of the following:

  • Terbinafine

  • Griseofulvin

  • Echinocandins

  • Ketoconazole

Explanation

Question 47 of 68

1

Which of the following antifungals is used for onychomychosis and tinea?

Select one of the following:

  • Griseofulvin

  • Terbinafine

  • Echinocandins

  • Ketoconazole

Explanation

Question 48 of 68

1

Which antiviral drug prevents formation of DNA chain by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis?

Select one of the following:

  • Acyclovir

  • Ganciclovir

  • Raltegravir

  • Retrovir

Explanation

Question 49 of 68

1

Ganciclovir causes myelosuppression

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 68

1

What is the therapeutic use for Penicillin?

Select one of the following:

  • Drug of choice for streptococci, pneumococcal, and staphylococcal infections

  • Treat infections due to bacteria that have developed resistance to earlier generations of cephalosporins

  • Treatment of a broad range of gram positive and gram negative organisms

  • Treatment of patients who are unable to tolerate penicillins

Explanation

Question 51 of 68

1

What is the pharmacological class for Penicillin G?

Select one of the following:

  • Aminoglycoside, protein synthesis inhibitor

  • Fluroquinolone, bacterial DNA synthesis inhibitor

  • Natural penicillin, cell wall inhibitor, beta lactam

  • Mycolic acid inhibitor

Explanation

Question 52 of 68

1

What is the pharmacological class of Cefotaxime?

Select one of the following:

  • Beta lactam antibiotic, cell wall inhibitor

  • Tetracycline, protein synthesis inhibitor

  • Macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor

Explanation

Question 53 of 68

1

Mechanism of action for Cefotaxime?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits cell wall synthesis

  • Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and prevents replication

  • Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

Explanation

Question 54 of 68

1

Tetracycline mechanism of action?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and prevents cell replication

  • Inhibits bacterial gyrase

  • Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Explanation

Question 55 of 68

1

What is the pharmacologic class for erythromycin?

Select one of the following:

  • Macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor

  • Aminoglycoside, protein synthesis inhibitor

  • Beta lactam antibiotic

Explanation

Question 56 of 68

1

What is the mechanism of action for erythromycin?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits protein synthesis

  • Inhibits cell wall synthesis

  • Binds to peptidoglycan

  • Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and prevents cell replication

Explanation

Question 57 of 68

1

What is the pharmacologic class for gentamicin?

Select one of the following:

  • Fluoroquinolone

  • Sulfonamide, folic acid inhibitor

  • Aminoglycoside, protein synthesis inhibitor

  • Mycolic acid inhibitor

Explanation

Question 58 of 68

1

What is the mechanism of action for Gentamicin?

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits bacterial metabolism of folic acid

  • Inhibits protein synthesis, disrupting cell membrane and killing bacteria

  • Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids

  • Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, interfering with bacterial replication and DNA error

Explanation

Question 59 of 68

1

Which of the following drugs would be used as treatment of UTI, GI, STDs, soft tissue, bone and joint infections?

Select one of the following:

  • Trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole

  • Ciprofloxacin

  • Isoniazid

  • Gentamicin

Explanation

Question 60 of 68

1

What is the pharmacological class and mechanism of action for ciprofloxacin?

Select one of the following:

  • Fluoroquinolone, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

  • Mycolic acid inhibitor, inhibits mycolic acid

  • Aminoglycoside, inhibits protein synthesis

  • Sulfonamide, inhibits bacteiran metabolism of folic acid

Explanation

Question 61 of 68

1

Which drug would be used as a treatment for urinary tract infections, nocardiosis infections, and toxoplasmosis?

Select one of the following:

  • Ciprofloxacin

  • Gentamicin

  • Penicillin

  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Explanation

Question 62 of 68

1

What is the mechanism of action and pharmacological class for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?

Select one of the following:

  • fluroquinolone, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

  • sulfonamide, inhibits bacterial metabolism of folic acid

  • aminoglycoside, inhibits protein synthesis, disrupts membrane, kills bacteria

Explanation

Question 63 of 68

1

Which of the following drugs is a broad spectrum treatment of a wide range of helminth infections?

Select one of the following:

  • Mebendazole

  • Amphotericin B

  • Fluconazole

  • Cloroquine

Explanation

Question 64 of 68

1

What is the mechanism of action for Mebendazole?

Select one of the following:

  • Concentrates in food vacuoles of plasmodium residing in red blood cells

  • Inhibits microtubule formation and glucose uptake

  • Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and causes them to leak

  • Interferes with ergosterol synthesis

Explanation

Question 65 of 68

1

What is the therapeutic class for Amphotericin B?

Select one of the following:

  • Antihelminth

  • Antifungal

  • Antifungal (systemic)

  • Antimalarial

Explanation

Question 66 of 68

1

Which of the following drugs is the treatment of most fungi pathogenic to humans, the preferred drug for most systemic mycoses?

Select one of the following:

  • Fluconazole

  • Cloroquine

  • Mebendazole

  • Amphotericin B

Explanation

Question 67 of 68

1

Select all the following drugs that are polyenes.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Amphotericin B

  • Echinocandin

  • Griseofulvin

  • Nystatin

Explanation

Question 68 of 68

1

What is the therapeutic class for the drug Fluconazole?

Select one of the following:

  • Antihelminth

  • Antifungal

  • Antibacterial

  • Antiviral

Explanation

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