Therapeutic Exercise: Impact on Physical Function

Balance

Cardiopulmonary Fitness

Systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities.

Correct timing & sequence of muscle firing combined with the appropriate intensity of muscle contraction. Occurs at a conscious or automatic level.

Ability to move freely, without restriction; used interchangeably with mobility.

Ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occurrence of ROM for functional activities.

Capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work. Encompasses strength, power, & muscular endurance.

Interaction of the sensory & motor systems that enables synergists, agonists, & antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizers to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive & kinesthetic information & to work in correct sequence to create coordinated movement.

Ability of the neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold a proximal or distal body segment in a stationary position or to control a stable base during superimposed movement.

The impact(s) & functional consequence(s) of acute or chronic conditions, such as disease, injury, & congenital or developmental abnormalities, on specific body systems that compromise basic human performance and an individual's ability to meet necessary, customary, expected, & desired societal functions and roles.

Name the parts of the NAGI Model.

Name the parts of the ICIDH Model.

Problems with anatomical features of the body, such as significant deviation or loss, affecting all body systems. (ICF Model)

Difficulties an individual may have in executing actions, tasks, activities.

Problems associated with of body systems (including physiological and psychological functions)

Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations, including difficulties participating in self care, responsibilities in the home, workplace, or the community, and recreational, leisure and social activities.

Reaching, Pushing, Turning, Throwing, Bending, Rolling, Sitting, Squatting, Hopping.. Examples of what?

Activities such as health promotion designed to prevent disease in an at-risk population.

Early diagnosis and reduction of the severity or duration of existing disease and sequlae.

Use of rehabilitation to reduce the degree or limit the progression of existing disability and improve multiple aspects of function in persons with chronic, irreversible health conditions

Name parts of the Patient Management Model

Three basic types of motor tasks

An action or movement with a recognizable beginning and end. (Push-up, Locking Wheelchair, Self-Stretching)

Composed of a series of discrete movements that are combined in a particular sequence. (Eating with a fork, Wheelchair transfers)

Involves repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct beginning and ending. (Walking, Stairs, Cycling)

When the environment in which a task occurs is constant (unchanging) from one performance of a task to the next, inter-trial variability is ___.

Stages of Motor Learning

Pt. must first learn the goal or purpose of the exercise or functional task. Limit distractions. Mistakes commonly made.

Pt. concentrates on fine-tuning the motor task. Self-correct errors. Requires infrequent feedback from therapist.

Movements are automatic in this final stage of learning. Most pt's are discharged before reaching this stage.

Pre-Practice Considerations

The ____, _____, and _____ of practice directly affect the extent of skill acquisition and retention.

Shown to be most effective in the early stage of learning for acquisition of complex serial skills that have simple & difficult components.

More effective for acquiring continuous skills, such as walking & climbing stairs, or serial tasks of momentum or timing. Also for acquisition of discrete tasks, such as an exercise that involves repetitions of single movement pattern.

Same task or series of exercises or tasks is performed repeatedly under the same conditions and in a predictable order.

Slight variations of the same task are carried in an unpredictable order.

Variations of the same task are performed in random order, but each variation of the task is performed more than once.

Movements of an exercise or functional task are actually performed.

Cognitive rehearsal of how a motor task is to be performed occurs prior to actually executing the task.

Sensory cues, arises directly from performing or attempting to perform the task, may immediately follow completion of a task or may occur before completion.

Sensory cues from an external source that are supplemental to intrinsic feedback and that are not inherent in the execution of the task. May arise from a mechanical source or another person.

Either intrinsic feedback sensed during a task or immediate, post-task, augmented feedback (usually verbal) about the *nature or quality* of the performance of a motor task.

Immediate, post-task, augmented feedback about the *outcome* of a motor task.

Concurrent versus Postresponse Feeback

Variable versus Constant Feedback

Information that is given directly after a task is completed.

Info given after a short interval of time has elapsed, allowing time for the learner to reflect on how well or poorly a task was executed.

Info given about the average performance of several repetitions of a motor skill.