Variation, reproduction and new technology

Inheritance:
Organisms have similar characteristics to their parents
Genes are passed in sex cells from parents to offspring
Genes control the characteristics of your body

Types of repoduction:
In asexual reproduction there is no joining of gametes
Clones are produced by asexual reproduction
Clones are identical copies of one parent
Sexual reproduction involves tow parents and leads to variety in the offspring gives some better chance to survive

Genetic and environmental differences:
Differences in individuals of the same kind can be due to their genes, the environment or both
clones may have some differences due to environmental causes

Cloning
Plant clones can be made quickly by taking cuttings from mature plants
Tissue culture is a newer method of cloning it's taking small groups of cells from part of a plant and growing them under special conditions
Animals can be cloned by transplanting cloned embryos

Adult cell cloning:
Scientists have adult cells to clone amimals such as dolly the sheep
Nucleas of an adult cell is transplanted into and empty egg cell, cell is given an mild eletric shock fusion occures implanted into another animal. When animal delevops has the genetic material of the original adult cell.

Genetic engineering:
Genetic engineering is used to transfer a gene from one organism to another.
Enzymes are used to cut out a gene from a human chromosome and then insert it into a bacterial cell
genes can be transferred to the cells of animals and plants at an early stage in their development

Making choices about technology:
Advantages and disadvantages in the use of cloning and genetic engineering
Issues can be economic, social or ehtical

	Created by Chima Power about 10 years ago

GCSE Biology Note on Untitled, created by Chima Power on 02/03/2014.

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