The of the industrial plant is that portion of the manufacturing returns which cost accounting indicates as the portion of the production costs assignable to the power used.
The of the public service plant are derived directly from the customers it serves.
A is an exclusive right to provide the specific product or service in a stated region.
The electric service industry operates under conditions by reason of the long-term franchises granted to the individual companies.
Of all methods of taxation, that method which will receive least public opposition is the one whereby the payment methods are spread out in and attached to the purchase price of some inexpensive, widely used commodity.
Only by considering the elements entering into the cost of power will a fair, economic comparison be made.
That an industry will install its own power plant if the utility rates are favorable is a competitive aspect always present in the supply of power by a utility company to an industry.
The rate of charge for electrical energy should satisfy the following conditions: , , and
the rate should distribute the costs where they rightfully belong, taking full account of the variable conditions of the customer's demands.
The rate should not be so complicated as to cause opposition or antagonism from a public which is frequently distrustful of "new fangled ideas".
The financial outlay in meters and cost accounting systems by the electric company should not be so heavy as to increase costs to more than can be saved by their installation.
comprising the capital cost of power plant will include preliminary costs, real estate, buildings and equipment, engineering fees, among others.
A certain amount of power plant maintenance is required whether any energy is produced or not.
The , sometimes called operationing cost to distinguish it from the fixed costs of the investment element, is based on the energy output measure in kWh.
Labor is a large part of the cost of a kWh.
At present, the labor requirement of the average steam central station larger than 10,000 kW is about employee for each installed capacity.
The carried is largely dependent upon the interconnections of the system and upon the policies of the management of those responsible for the system operation.
To be "" is a state required of the public service plant and of some industrial plants.
The extent and, therefore, the cost of the secondary distribution system are proportional to the number of customers it serves.
The franchise cost depends less on the time and circumstances surrounding the granting of the franchise than on the actual value of the franchise itself.
The is based on the assumption that depreciation occurs according to the a straight line law.
The largest component of the fixed charge is the amount to be collected and set aside in a fund which, through the useful life of the plant, will accumulate a sum equivalent to the money borrowed for investment.
The is caused by age of service, wear and tear of machinery, among others.
In the , a fixed predetermined sum is set aside each year and interest compounded on it periodically. The fixed sum must be such that the total annual installments plus the interest accumulations will equal the total depreciation.
The becomes the sum to replace the worn article.
In depreciation accounting, the accounting for depreciation is always a representation of the actual depreciation itself.
Rate schedule should be simple.
Rate schedule should be uniform over small territorial areas.
Distribution of cost in such a way that persons creating a desirable and relatively inexpensive type of load may enjoy the full use and benefit of electrical appliance.
. The term straight line indicates that the price charged per unit is constant, that is, does not vary on account of an increase or decrease o the number of units. it is the simplest of all rates.
. The term block indicates that a certain specified price per unit is charges for all or any part of the a block of such units, and reduced prices per unit are charged for all or any part of the succeeding units thereof. Its principal defect is that it lacks a measure of customers demands.
The term applies to a charge of electric service based upon customer's installation of energy consuming devices.
. A demand charge based on a maximum kW per month, plus a follow on energy block rate.
When a customer charge introduced in Hopkinson Demand rate, it becomes or .