Medicine Y2 (Scenario 13 | Shoulder, axilla and arm) Flashcards on Sc13L03 The pectoral girdle and shoulder joints, created by Emma Allde on 09/20/2016.
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Created by Emma Allde
over 7 years ago
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What (2) bones make up the pectoral or shoulder girdle?
What separates the shoulder girdles from each other anteriorly?
What separates the shoulder girdles of either side posteriorly?
What is the only connection b/w the upper limb and axial skeleton?
What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate with?
What is the joint b/w the clavicle and the sternum?
Posteriorly, the anterior surface of the scapula, along with its associated musculature, forms a connection with what?
What is the false joint between the scapula and ribs called?
What is the joint called at the articulation b/w the clavicle and scapula?
What is the function of pectoral girdle?
What is the function of the scapula?
In what genetic condition are some people born without a clavicle and are thus able to bring the upper limb across the front of the chest?
What is the inheritance pattern of cleidocranial dysotosis?
What other bone is also affected in cleidocranial dysotosis?
What is the function of the clavicle?
Describe the articular surface of the medial end of the clavicle:
Describe the articular surface of the lateral end of the clavicle:
What makes the scapula the most frequently fractured bone in the body?
Describe the concave/ convex points of the scapula:
What are (7) unique features of the clavicle:
How are most clavicular fractures caused? (2)
What makes are clavicular fractures potentially dangerous?
What kind of bone is the scapula?
Where, in relation to the ribs, is the scapula found?
How many margins does the scapula have?
How many angles does the scapula have?
Where are they found?
Identify (anterior view)
What do the medial ridges of the anterior surface of the scapula serve as attachments for?
What attachments does the lateral, anterior surface of the subscapular fossa serve as attachments for?
Identify
Identify
Identify
The spine of the scapula projects shelf-like and posteriorly, angling upwards from the medial border to end in a free lateral process called what?
What does the acromion articulate with?
What does the medial 2/3 of the supraspinous process serve as an attachment for?
The supero-lateral angle of the scapula forms a cavity/fossa with what part of what other bone?
What is the cavity/fossa called?
What process arises from the superior margin of the scapula, projecting antero-laterally over the glenoid fossa?
What is found medial to the base of the coracoid process?
What does the proximal end form of the humerus form an articular surface with and what is the joint called?
What is the articular part of the humerus called?
What is unique about this bone?
Label
Label
What (3) features are found b/w the (2) necks of the humerus?
Why is the bicipital (inter-tubercular) groove called as such?
How many facets does the greater tuberosity have?
What are the muscle attachments?
How many facets does the the lesser the tuberosity have?
Where do the muscle attachments originate?
Identify
What is the muscle attachment?
Identify
What structures are found here?
Identify this joint and describe its movement
Identify this joint and describe its movement
Identify this "joint" and describe its movement
Identify this joint and describe its movement
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
What divides the sternoclavicular joint in two?
What are the (2) main components of the sternoclavicular joint?
How is the incongruity of the sternoclavicular joint (specifically the articular facets) adjusted
Describe the capsule found at the sternoclavicular joint
What helps strengthen the sternoclavicular capsule?
Identify and define its purpose
Identify and define its purpose
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
How many degrees of freedom does the sternoclavicular joint have?
The sternoclavicular joint is capable of movements in superior-inferior (up and down) plane up to __° and in the anterior-posterior (front and back) plane up to __°
What is the danger of posterior sternoclavicular dislocations?
What is the most common cause of posterior sternoclavicular dislocations?
In which direction does the clavicle move is a posterior dislocation?
Define ligament and define its purpose
Define ligament and label
How can the coracoacromial ligament be divided further?
Is there a disc at the acromioclavicular joint?
What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
As the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint lacks strong ligaments, how is action maintained?
How is the synovial membrane of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint attached?
What structure evaginates and surrounds the synovial membrane of the glenohumeral joint like a tubular sheath?
Identify this structure
When it it found?
What (4) structures support the upper part of the glenohumeral capsule?
Define and know the importance of this structure
What are synovial bursae and where are they found in the shoulder?
Which is the only bursae in direct communication with the joint cavity?
What does the capsule of the glenohumeral joint attach to?
Why does the capsule at the glenohumeral joint need to be week?
esp. when?
What structure(s) thicken the superior and anterior parts of the capsule?
There is a gap b/w the glenohumeral ligaments anteriorly, where the synovium membrane is able to escape from the confines of the capsule to form what?
What tendon arises from inside the joint (from the supragenoid tubercle), making it intra-capsular?
Is the long head of biceps brachii intra-synovial too?
What is the long head of biceps brachii surrounded by to help protect it as the joint moves?
What structure emerges from the synovial sheath into the biciptial groove, outside the joint, making it exposed and prone to inflammation (teno-synovitis)?
What structures provide vertical stability to the humeral head?
What structures provide anterior stability to the humeral head?
What ligaments are simply thickenings of the capsule?
What kind of structure is found b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments?
What does the small foramen b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments allow?
What does the bursa b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments allow?
Which of the glenohumeral ligaments is the largest and strongest of the three?
Where is the inferior glenohumeral ligament found?
What function does it provide?
What is the significance of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?
Define and label
Where is the glenohumeral joint weakest?
Which scan is the test of choice for diagnosing soft tissue injuries and is often used for assessing ongoing pain which fails to respond to traditional treatment options such as rest, physiotherapy and medication
What imaging types are excellent for detecting bone injuries?
What imaging is best for diagnosing soft tissue injuries such as tears of the rotators cuff or inflammation?
What kind of abnormality is shown?
What kind of abnormality is shown?
What kind of abnormality is shown?
What kind of abnormality is shown?
Label and define
Shoulder dislocations are brought on by a force applied when the limb is in a position of _______ and _______ rotation, e.g. trying to protect yourself in a fall from a weight when your hands are in front of your head.
The shoulder joint is weakest ______, and hence is more easily diplaced in this direction
The most common form of dislocation is called ______, and the limb is placed ____-______
Anterior dislocations stresses the _____ capsule, and the _____ part of the glenoid labrum. If the glenoid labrum is torn, it is referred to as a _______ _____.
Shoulder joint deformity, an abnormally long arm, humeral head position in the axilla and pain and dysfunction are symptoms of what?
What is the most physically obvious sign of shoulder dislocation?
What structures become palpable in a shoulder dislocation?
Movements of the dislocated shoulder are limited and painful, and hence the limb remains in a partially ____ and ____ rotated position
This is because the ____ rotators of the joint (________,______) are stretched and also maintained in this position
Most posterior dislocations are caused by what?
A shoulder can be partially dislocated (in the head of the upper arm is partially out of the shoulder socket) or completely dislocated (the head of the upper arm is completely out of the socket.
A partial dislocation is know as:
a dislocation can result in fracture of the ______
What term is used to describe a loss of range of motion in the shoulder?
What are the characteristics of a frozen shoulder?
Frozen shoulder is most common in what age range?
How many people in the UK are affected by frozen shoulder annually?
What is the ratio of frozen shoulder female:male?
What are the four main types of shoulder stiffness?
What is the most common of the four?
What is the leading hypothesis as to why people with endocrine problems such as diabetics are more prone to shoulder stiffness?
What is shown in the image and how does it relate to stiff shoulder?
