Jaundice is characterised by a yellow discolouration of the skin and sclera.
Which of the following best describes the cause of the colour change seen in jaundice patients.
Too little bilirubin in the skin.
Hyperbiliruinaemia
Bilirubin getting trapped in the skin and not metabolised.
Bilirubin is derived from tetrapyrole prosthetic group found in lymphocytes.
Which of the following are the 3 main causes of why bilirubin levels may rise in blood?
Haemolysis of red blood cells.
Bilirubin in prescription medications.
Failure of the conjugating mechanism.
Obstruction in the biliary system.
Increased bilirubin production as a result of haemolysis gives...
...a predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
...a predominantly unconjugated hypobilirubinaemia.
...a predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
...a predominantly conjugated hypobilirubinaemia.
Phototherapy should be offered to babies with jaundice if their bilirubin level approaches:
>200 microlitres per litre.
>40 microlitres per litre.
>300 microlitres per litre.
>100 millilitres per litre.
Which of the following best describes the effect of a complete blockage of the bile duct by a gallstone?
Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatae are raised. Little or no urobilinogen in the urine and the stools will be pale.
Bilirubin is raised and hence, the stools are dark.
Bilirubin urobilinogen are raised, with pale stools and urine.
Bilirubin is partly digested by gut bacteria to produce stercobilinogen - this is partly reabsorbed and re-excreted in the urine as urobilinogen.
Unconjugated bilirubin is normally bound to albumin, but is water-soluble.
Which 2 of the following are the most common causes of jaundice in adults?
Paracetamol Poisoning
Viral Hepatitis
Excessive Alcohol Consumption.
Secondary Neoplasm in the Liver
A more unusual cause of jaundice is seen in neonates that have...
been born more than 3 weeks premature.
an alpha 1 - antitrypsin defiency (Wilson's Disease).
been born to a mother who drunk excessive amounts of alcool throughout pregnancy.
