(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
Social Perception is defined as:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
The way in which people communicate,
intentionally/unintentionally,
without words/nonverbal cues include: facial expr, tone of voice, gestures, body position/movement, the use of touch/eye gaze is the definition of what form of communication?

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
Nonverbal cues serve many functions in communication. They help people express
their emotions, their attitudes, and their personality. For example:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
Nonverbal communication may also play a role in:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
The fact that we automatically mimic other
people’s facial expressions, such as happiness, sadness, and disgust is shown through...

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
The "extent of mimicry" differs, depending on:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
An example of mimicry is:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
(Hess) - our tendency to
"mimic other people’s facial expressions" suggests that we may reflect what emotion:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
Research in neuroscience
has found that humans (and our close relatives, primates) have a special kind of brain cell called

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
Mirror neurons respond when we perform:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
An example of how Mirror Neurons work:

Bruno Wicker and co investigated the role of mirror neurons in the emotion of disgust. They used "functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)" to look at "the pattern of brain cells firing" in research participants as they performed two different tasks:
tasks:

(Chapter 4 - Social Perception)
The researchers found that feeling disgusted oneself (from
smelling something gross) and observing someone else’s facial expression of disgust
activated:

The study of how people explain
the causes of their own and other
people’s behaviour

The inference that a person is
behaving in a certain way because
of something about him or her, such
as his or her attitude, character, or
personality

The inference that a person is
behaving a certain way because of
something about the situation he
or she is in; the assumption is that
most people would respond the
same way in that situation

A theory stating that to form an
attribution about what caused a
person’s behaviour, we systematically
note the pattern between the
presence (or absence) of possible
causal factors and whether or not
the behaviour occurs

(Text - Covariation Model)
When we are forming an attribution, what three key types of information do we examine for covariation?

(Text - Covariation Model)
refers to how other people behave toward the same stimulus—
in this case, Hannah

(Text - Covariation Model)
refers to how the actor (the person whose behaviour we are trying to explain) responds to other stimuli

(Text - Covariation Model)
refers to the frequency with
which the observed behaviour between the same actor and the same stimulus occurs across time and circumstances

(Text - Covariation Model)
when these three sources of information combine into one of two distinct patterns

If consensus, distinctiveness are LOW and consistency is HIGH then a __________ attribution is made.

If consensus, distinctiveness, consistency are ALL HIGH, then a ___________ attribution is made.

*Note: When consistency is "LOW" we cannot make a clear____________

*Note: When consistency is "LOW"
we resort
to a special kind of "external" or "situational" attribution

Covariation Model assumes that:

Research has
confirmed that people often do make attributions the way that Kelley’s model says they should

There are two exceptions to the Covariational Model

There are two exceptions to the Covariational Model

In these situations,
research has shown that people proceed with the attributional process by using
the information they do have, and if necessary

they believed that the positive feedback reflected the confederate’s true opinion of them

the covariation model portrays people as master detectives for example:

to attribute
her behaviour to being a bad mother and a cold-hearted murderer - When thinking this way, we are more like___________

social psychologists, who focus on the

The tendency to overestimate the
extent to which people’s behaviour
is due to personality traits and to
underestimate the role of situational is defined as ____________________________

Fundamental Attribution
Error is also called the

Why is the Fundamental Attribution
Error is also called the "correspondence bias"?

the tendency to see people’s
behaviour as "a reflection of their dispositions and beliefs", rather than "as influenced by the situation" is viewed as?

What may influence the "correspondence bias"

More likely for people in North America to make this error vs. those in Eastern cultures

To improve accuracy of attributions, be more aware of ___________.

Applies when we only have one instance of behaviour, People infer whether situational influences are sufficient to explain the behavior

Ex. doing something nice for their boss: we only want promotion/raise

If a plausible situational cause exists, we reduce the importance of an___________

If a "situational cause" exists "that should have inhibited the behavior", we enhance the importance of an

An example of an internal cause (augmentation principle)

E.g., person who made large donation to charity in spite of only making $40,000 / year must be a very generous person

i.e. if the observer viewed it through a camera focused on the detective, they perceived the confession as more coerced  camera perspective influenced people’s guilt judgements even when Ps were instructed not to let this bias occur by researchers before hand

The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune i.e., Homeless person must have done something to deserve his/her misfortune is viewed as