Spirits Production

Common Factors Affecting Quality

Ways carbohydrate is stored by raw materials

Alcoholic Fermentation

How can the influence of yeast on style be controlled by producer?

Types of Alcohol found in Spirits

How Distillation Works

Types of congeners

Why is copper important in distillation process?

Rectification

Reflux

Rectification plates

Head Condenser

What are the two principle types of condensers

How do condensers work

How many rectification plates can there be in a column still

5 elements shared by all pot stills

3 methods that could be used to heat a pot still

The effects of temperature gradient in pot stills

How will a tall head on a pot still make a difference to the final spirit style.?

Effects of angle of linking tube in pot still

How can the design of a pot still help reflux to be increased?

What is the purpose of the 1st distillation in double pot still distillation

Making a cut

What is found in the tails that can gives a richer and weightier character at lower levels but if too high will be unpalatable. Why are these found at higher concentrations in the tail.

Ways of promoting reflux in column stills

2 Stages of continuous distillation

Coffey Still

Techniques for further reduce flavour of spirit after column distillation (x2)

Why is de-methalysing normally needed in vodka production?

Post distillation operations (x4)

Three ways that an oak barrel can flavour a spirit

Variables in oak barrels that will effect style of final spirit

Species of oak used in aging spirits

At what abv are spirits usually distilled to before entering barrel so as not to extract unpleasant flavours

Blending

Finishing