Merrill's Chapter 8

Question 1 of 26

1

Label the image

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacrum

Coccyx

Explanation

Question 2 of 26

1

What are the function(s) of the vertebral column?

Select one or more of the following:

Encloses and protects the spinal cord
Acts as as support for the trunk
Supports the skull
Provides attachment for the deep muscles of the back and ribs laterally

Explanation

Question 3 of 26

1

What holds the vertebral column together?

Select one of the following:

Tendons
Cartilage
Ligaments
Muscle

Explanation

Question 4 of 26

1

How many vertebrae make up the sacrum?

Select one of the following:

2
3
4
5

Explanation

Question 5 of 26

1

The coccyx is made up of 3 vertebrae.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 26

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The 24 vertebral segments in the upper three regions are termed the ( true, false ) or ( movable, fixed ) vertebrae. The pelvic segments in the lower regions are called ( false, true ) or ( fixed, movable ) vertebrae.

Explanation

Question 7 of 26

1

The vertebral column is made up of three curves.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 26

1

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The cervical and lumbar curves, which are ( convex, concave ) anteriorly, are called ( lordotic, kyphotic ) curves. The thoracic and pelvic curves are ( concave, convex ) anteriorly and are called ( kyphotic, lordotic ) curves

Explanation

Question 9 of 26

1

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The ( thoracic, cervical, lumbar ) and ( pelvic, sacral, lumbar ) curves are called primary curves because they are present at birth. The ( cervical, pelvic, thoracic ) and ( lumbar, sacral, thoracic ) curves are called secondary or compensatory curves because they develop after birth.

Explanation

Question 10 of 26

1

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The ( cervical, thoracic, lumbar ) curve, which is the least pronounced of the curves, develops when an infant begins to hold the head up at about ( 3, 2, 1, 4 ) or ( 4, 5, 3, 2 ) months of age and begins to sit alone at about ( 8, 6, 7, 9 ) or ( 9, 8, 10, 11 ) months of age. The ( lumbar, cervical, thoracic ) curve develops when the child begins to walk at about ( 1, 0.5, 2, 1.5 ) to ( 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 ) years of age.

Explanation

Question 11 of 26

1

The lumbar and pelvic curves are more pronounced in females, who have a more acute angle at the lumbosacral junction.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 26

1

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Any abnormal increase in the anterior concavity (or posterior convexity) of the thoracic curve is termed ( kyphosis, lordosis ). Any abnormal increase in the anterior convexity (or posterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical curve is termed ( lordosis, kyphosis ).

Explanation

Question 13 of 26

1

The superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebra bodies are flattened and are covered by a thin layer of articular cartilage.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 14 of 26

1

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In the articulated spine, the vertebral bodies are separated by intervertebral disks, forming the cartilaginous intervertebral joints. These disks account for approximately one fourth of the length of the vertebral column. Each disk has a central mass of soft, pulpy, semigelatinous material called the ( nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus ), which is surrounded by an outer fibrocartilaginous disk called the ( anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus ).

Explanation

Question 15 of 26

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

It is common for the pulpy nucleus to rupture or protrude into the vertebral canal, impinging on a spinal nerve. This condition is called herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) or, more commonly, .

Explanation

Question 16 of 26

1

The vertebral arch is formed by two pedicles and two laminae that support four articular processes, two transverse processes, and one spinous process.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 17 of 26

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline is called .

Explanation

Question 18 of 26

1

What cervical vertebra is a ringlike structure with no body and a very short spinous process?

Select one of the following:

Atlas
Axis

Explanation

Question 19 of 26

1

Which cervical vertebra is termed the vertebra prominens?

Select one of the following:

C3
C5
C7
C1

Explanation

Question 20 of 26

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The bodies of the typical (( third through ninth, third through eleventh, second through ninth, fourth through twelfth )) thoracic vertebrae are approximately triangular in form.

Explanation

Question 21 of 26

1

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Although the size and degree of curvature of the sacrum vary considerably in different patients, the bone is normally longer, narrower, more evenly curved, and more vertical in position in ( males, females ) than in ( females, males ).

Explanation

Question 22 of 26

1

The male sacrum is more acutely curved.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 23 of 26

1

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

Select one or more of the following:

Intervertebral
Zygapophyseal
Atlantoaxial
Costovertebral

Explanation

Question 24 of 26

1

The atlantoaxial joint is both a gliding and pivot type of joint.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 25 of 26

1

The zygapophyseal joint is the only slightly movable joint.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 26 of 26

1

❌: Comminuted fracture of the ring of C1.
❌: Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra.
❌: Failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close.
❌: Fracture of the anterior arch of C2 owing to hyperextension.
❌: Breaking down of the vertebra.
❌: Incomplete or partial dislocation.
❌: Lateral deviation of the spine with possible vertebral rotation.
❌: Avulsion fracture of the spinous process in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region.
❌: Kyphosis with onset in adolescence.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Jefferson

Sponylolisthesis

Spina bifida

Hangman's

Spondylolysis

Subluxation

Scoliosis

Clay shoveler's

Scheuermann disease

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Merrill's Chapter 8

Question 1 of 26

Label the image

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 2 of 26

What are the function(s) of the vertebral column?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 26

What holds the vertebral column together?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 26

How many vertebrae make up the sacrum?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 26

The coccyx is made up of 3 vertebrae.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The 24 vertebral segments in the upper three regions are termed the true false( true, false ) or movable fixed( movable, fixed ) vertebrae. The pelvic segments in the lower regions are called false true( false, true ) or fixed movable( fixed, movable ) vertebrae.

Explanation

Question 7 of 26

The vertebral column is made up of three curves.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The cervical and lumbar curves, which are convex concave( convex, concave ) anteriorly, are called lordotic kyphotic( lordotic, kyphotic ) curves. The thoracic and pelvic curves are concave convex( concave, convex ) anteriorly and are called kyphotic lordotic( kyphotic, lordotic ) curves

Explanation

Question 9 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 10 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 11 of 26

The lumbar and pelvic curves are more pronounced in females, who have a more acute angle at the lumbosacral junction.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 13 of 26

The superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebra bodies are flattened and are covered by a thin layer of articular cartilage.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 15 of 26

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

It is common for the pulpy nucleus to rupture or protrude into the vertebral canal, impinging on a spinal nerve. This condition is called herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) or, more commonly, .

Explanation

Question 16 of 26

The vertebral arch is formed by two pedicles and two laminae that support four articular processes, two transverse processes, and one spinous process.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 26

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline is called .

Explanation

Question 18 of 26

What cervical vertebra is a ringlike structure with no body and a very short spinous process?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 26

Which cervical vertebra is termed the vertebra prominens?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 26

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The bodies of the typical (third through ninth third through eleventh second through ninth fourth through twelfth( third through ninth, third through eleventh, second through ninth, fourth through twelfth )) thoracic vertebrae are approximately triangular in form.

Explanation

Question 21 of 26

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The 24 vertebral segments in the upper three regions are termed the ( true, false ) or ( movable, fixed ) vertebrae. The pelvic segments in the lower regions are called ( false, true ) or ( fixed, movable ) vertebrae.

The cervical and lumbar curves, which are ( convex, concave ) anteriorly, are called ( lordotic, kyphotic ) curves. The thoracic and pelvic curves are ( concave, convex ) anteriorly and are called ( kyphotic, lordotic ) curves

The bodies of the typical (( third through ninth, third through eleventh, second through ninth, fourth through twelfth )) thoracic vertebrae are approximately triangular in form.

Although the size and degree of curvature of the sacrum vary considerably in different patients, the bone is normally longer, narrower, more evenly curved, and more vertical in position in ( males, females ) than in ( females, males ).