Chemistry A2 F325 OCR

Define Rate of reaction

How do you find rate of reaction from a concentration vs time graph?

what is initial rate of reaction

name some ways of monitoring reaction rates

What does zero order mean?

What does first order mean?

What does second order mean?

Define the rate constant

How do you work out overall order?

Define half life

If a reactant has a constant half life which order must it be?

how does half live vary for a second order reactant?

How does half life vary for a zero order reactant?

Describe the shape of a rate/conc graph for a zero order reactant

Describe the shape of a rate/conc graph for a first order reactant

Describe the shape of a graph of rate/conc for a second order reactant

How does temperature affect K?

Define reaction mechanism

Define rate-determining step

How do you know which compounds are involved in rate determining step from rate equation?

Define intermediate

Define dynamic equilibrium

what is the equilibrium law?

Define homogenous equilibrium

Define heterogeneous equilibrium

Do you use concentrations or moles in Kc calculations?

What does a Kc bigger than 1 represent?

How is Kc affected by temperature?

Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid

define a Bronsted-Lowry base

define an alkali

Define a monobasic, dibasic and tribasic acid

Complete general equation: Acid +metal =

Complete general equation: Acid + base =

Complete general equation: acid + metal carbonate =

Define an acid-base pair

define PH

How do you convert from PH to conc of Hydrogen ions?

Define a strong acid

Define a weak acid

Define acid dissociation constant

What do high values of pKa mean about strength of acids

For a known concentration of a strong acid what does the concentration of H+ ions equal?

For weak acids what does ka expression simplify to?

Define ionisation of water

How can you work out concentration of Hydrogen ions in a strong base?

Define a buffer solution

How does a buffer work?

What is a buffer solution a mixture of?

how can you calculate conc of H+ of a buffer solution?

What substances act as the buffer in the blood?

Define equivalence point

Define End point

How do you choose a suitable indicator?

How do you calculate standard enthalpy change of neutralisation?

Define standard enthalpy change of neutralisation

Define lattice enthalpy

Define Hess' Law

Define the standard enthalpy change of formation

Define enthalpy change of atomisation

why is enthalpy change of atomisation always positive?

Define first ionisation energy

Why is first ionisation energy endothermic?

Define second ionisation energy

Define first electron affinity

Why is first electron affinity exothermic?

Define second electron affinity

Why is second electron affinity endothermic

What goes on the lowest level in a born haber cycle?

How do you calculate missing values from born haber cycles?

Define enthalpy change of solution

Define enthalpy change of hydration

How do you calculate missing values from a Born-haber cycle containing enthalpy changes of solution and hydration?

How does ionic radius affect lattice enthalpy

how does ionic charge affect lattice enthalpy?

how does ionic size affect hydration enthalpy?

How does ionic charge affect hydration enthalpies?

Define entropy

In which reactions does entropy increase?

How do you calculate entropy change?

define standard entropy change of reaction

define free energy change

What is the equation relating free energy, entropy and enthalpy?

For a reaction to be feasible /\G must be...

How do endothermic reactions take place?

Define oxidation

Define reduction

What is the function of the wire in a half cell

What is the purpose of the salt bridge in a half cell?

Which metal is used as the electrode in the standard hydrogen half cell?

define standard electrode potential

How do you calculate cell potential?

If a reaction appears to be feasible why may it not take place in practice?

In which direction does the more negative half equation act?

How are batteries recharged?

How do fuel cells differ from batteries?

What is the half equation for the reaction at the negative electrode in a fuel cell?

What is the half equation for the reaction in a fuel cell at the positive electrode?

What is the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

What are advantages of fuel cell vehicles?

how can hydrogen be stored?

what are some limitations of hydrogen fuel cells?

How can hydrogen be manufactured?

define transition element

How do the electron configurations of copper and chromium differ?

What makes transition elements good catalysts?

What is the catalyst used in the haber process?

What is the catalyst used in the contact process?

What is the catalyst used in hydrogenation of alkenes

What colour is copper hydroxide?

what colour is cobalt hydroxide?

what colour is Fe(OH)2?

What colour is Fe(OH)3?

Define complex ion

Define a ligand

What is coordination number

What is the shape of a complex ion with coordination number of six?

Describe the position of the ligands in cis [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+

What is a bidentate ligand?

name a hexadentate ion and some uses for it

define optical isomers

Define ligand substitution

What would be the colour change if [Cu(H2O)6]2+ was reacted with excess ammonia and give the formula of the product formed

What is the colour change in the reaction of [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + HCl (excess)

What is the colour change when [Co(H2O)6]2+ is reacted with excess chloride ions?

Why can carbon monoxide reduce oxygen transport around the body?

In stability constants do you include the water?

define the stability constant

What does a large Kstab value represent?

what is the overall equation for the reaction of MnO4- with Fe2+?

What is the colour change in a titration involving manganese ions?

What does a redox titration involve?

What is the equation for the reaction between iodine and thiosulfate ions?

Describe how you would carry out a titration to calculate percentage of copper in a compound