What is a debrief?
This is a way of correcting any ethical breaches in the research
Telling participants what the study is about and what is going to happen in the study and them allowing them to decide whether they want to take part or not
What is right to withdraw?
It is a way of correcting any ethical breaches in the study
Participants must be told at the beginning, during and after the study that they can leave the study at any time they want and for whatever reason they want
What is a dependant variable?
The thing you measure
Something that is changed by the experimentor
Something that could affect the experiment that isn't the independant variable
What is informed consent?
Participants should not be lied to about the true aim of the research
What is Protection of Participants?
Participants should be told at the beginning (in the brief) that all information about them will be kept private and anonymous so that other cannot identify them
You must not do anything that could cause the participant physical or mental harm, abuse or misuse.
What is deception?
A way of correcting any ethical breaches in the research.
What is the mean?
The most common score in a set of data
The central number in a set of scores. To calculate this you must put the numbers in order from lowest to highest and then identify the value in the middle of the list
The average of all the scores in a data set. You add up all the numbers in the set of scores and divide by the number of scores that are there.
What is confidentiality?
Participants should be told at the beginning (in the brief) that all information about them will be kept private and anonymous so that others cannot identify them.
Telling participants what the study is about and what is going to happen in the study and then allowing them to decide whether they want to take part or not
What is the Median?
The central number in a set of scores. You must put all the scores in order from lowest to highest and then identify the number in the middle of the list.
The average of the scores in a data set. You add up all the scores and divide by the number of scores that are there.
What is the mode?
The average of the scores in a set of data. You add up all the numbers in a set of scores and divide by the number of scores that are there.
What is the range?
A measure of the spread of a set of scores. Calculated by taking the lowest number from the highest in a set of data.
This measures how far on average each score in a set of data is away from the mean
What is Standard Deviation?
A measure of the spread of a set of scores calculated by subtracting the lowest value from the highest in a set of data.
This measures how far on average each score in a set of data is away from the mean.
What is a line graph used for?
To represent data which is in numerical form
To express correlations - allow you to see at a glance whether a correlation is positive, negative or if there is no relationship.
To represent data which is divided into categories
What is a Bar chart used for?
To express correlations (look for a relationship between 2 variables).
What is a scattergram used for?
To express correlations - allow you to see at a glance whether a correlation is positive, negative or if there is no relationship
What is Random Sampling?
Picking people who are easily/readily available to you
Choosing every Nth person from the target population
Everybody has an equal chance of being chosen
What is Opportuntiy Sampling?
Selecting participants according to the proportions of the target population
What is Systematic Sampling?
Choosing people who are easily/readily available to you
Selecting the participants according to the proportions of the target population that are relevant to the sample and study.
What is Stratified Sampling?
Picking people who are easily/readily available
What is Quantitative Research?
Any data to do with a number
Measuring behaviour in a descriptive way
What is Qualitative Research?
What is an aim?
A prediction of results
A statement of what you intend to investigate
What is a hypothesis?
What is an independant variable?
What is an extraneous variable?
What is participant bias?
When participants guess the aim and behave differently (demand characteristics)
When participants are tired of doing experiments so therefore it affects results
What is the independant groups design?
Participants are matched into pairs on relevant variables e.g. same age
All the sample go into one conditonal (experimental) then they all go to the other condition (control)
This is when half of the sample go into one condition (control) and the other half go into the other condition (experimental)
What is the repeated measures design?
All the sample go to one condition and then they all go into the other condition
This is when half of the sample go into one condition then the other half go into the other condition
What is the matched pairs design?
When half of the sample go into one condition and the other half go into the other condition
All of the sample go into one condition then they all go to the other condition
What is a lab study?
Experiments that are conducted in a well controlled environment
A study that is done in the participants natural environment
What is a field study?
A study that is conducted in a well controlled environment
What is a Quasi Study?
A study that is conducted in the participants natural environment
A study in which the independant variable is changed by natural occurance. If conditions vary naturally the effect of an IV can be observed without any intervention by the experimenter
What is an Overt Observation?
Participants dont know they are being watched
An observation where the researcher takes part in the action, joining in with those being observed.
When the participants know they are being observed
What is a covert observation?
Where the researcher does not become part of the group of which they are being observed
Participants don't know they are being watched
What is a Natural Observation?
An observation conduction in an experimental setting
Observing the behaviour in the participants own natural environment
When the participants don't know they are being watched
What is a Participation Observation?
An observation where the researcher takes part in the action, joining in with those being observed
When a participant is being observed in their own natural environment
What is a Lab Observation?
An observation when the participants know they are being observed
An observation conducted in an experimental setting
What is a Non-Participant Observation?
This is an observation when the participants don't know they are being watched
What is a structured interview?
An interview where the interviewer starts with a topic then the participants responses influence the next question
An interview where the interviewer has a pre-set list of questions and do not ask any other questions
What is an unstructured interview?
An interview where the interviewer starts with one topic then the participants responses influence the next question
A interview where the interviewer has a pre-set list of questions and do not ask anything else
What is an open-ended question?
A question that is worded so that the person can answer in anyway chosen
A question that the respondant may only answer according to a formal system e.g. answers are given as options
What is a close ended question?
What is content analysis?
An indirect observation of the media and images in it
An in depth examination of one individual/a small group of individuals with something in common
What is a case study?
An in depth examination of one individuals/a small group of individuals with something in common