Exam 1 (part 2)

What is Nissl substance?

What pigments are found in neuron cell bodies?

Fast vs. slow axonal transport

Anterograde vs Retrograde axonal transport

Types of neurons

Process of nervous conduction

Which neurotransmitters are used in the PNS?

What prevents continuous stimulation of nerve receptors?

What are Schwann cells and peripheral nerves derived from?

What do blood vessels in neurons tend to follow?

What nerves are enveloped in Schwann cells?

What are nodes of Ranvier?

What are oligodendrocytes?

What are satellite cells?

Meninges

What are the layers of meninges?

What is CSF?

What are the leptomeninges?

What are denticulate ligaments?

What are CNS neurons derived from?

What does gray matter contain?

What does white matter contain?

Neuroglial cells

What are astrocytes?

What are microglia?

What are ependymal cells?

What is the cerebrum?

What are nuclei in the brain?

What are tracts?

What are pyramidal cells?

What are stellate (granule) cells?

What are Cells of Martinotti?

What are fusiform cells?

What are horizontal cells of Cajal?

Layers of neocortex

What is the cerebellum?

Two layers of outer cerebellar cortex

What is found in the central canal of the spinal cord?

What is found in dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord?

What is found in the white matter of the spinal cord?

Regeneration of an axon

What is anterograde (Wallerian) degeneration?

What happens in CNS injury?

What is meningitis?

What is encephalitis?

What is myelitis?

What is poliomyelitis?

What is Parkinson's disease?

What is Alzheimer's disease?

What is multiple sclerosis?

What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?

How much of body mass is composed of skeletal muscle?

How are muscles derived?

How big are individual skeletal muscle fibers?

Skeletal muscle cell characteristics

What do blood vessels and nerves in skeletal muscle follow?

Fast twitch vs. slow twitch skeletal muscle

What is rhabdomyolysis?

How is glycogen metabolized during peak periods of exertion?

Why do skeletal muscle cells increase in size with exercise?

How do skeletal muscles regenerate after injury?

What are mechanoreceptors?

Two types of myofilaments

Organization of muscle fibers

What causes striated appearance in skeletal muscle?

What are Z-discs?

What is the difference between a motor end plate and a terminal bouton?

What is a T-tubule?

Sliding filament mechanism

What is a motor unit?

What is recruitment?

What is myasthenia gravis?

What is muscular dystrophy?

What is inherent contractility?

How many nuclei do smooth muscle cells have?

What is the ratio of actin and myosin filaments in smooth muscle?

What are dense bodies?

What is calmodulin?

What are caveolae?

Types of smooth muscle

Where do smooth muscle cells develop from?

What kind of cells make up the pericardium?

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Structure of cardiac muscle

Cardiac valves

What are intercalated discs?

What makes up the conduction system of the heart?

Why are conduction system cells paler-staining than the surrounding muscle?

What is the process of cardiac conduction?

What modulates the inherent rhythm of the SA node?