RUS L35 - 39

Question 1 of 27

1

Chronic renal failure can cause anaemia.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 2 of 27

1

Which of these is an unhealthy glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Select one of the following:

22L/hour
150L/day
125mL/min

Explanation

Question 3 of 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about renal blood flow.

Select one of the following:

It requires high pressure.
It is 20-25% of cardiac output.
It is at a rate of about 2-2.4L/min.

Explanation

Question 4 of 27

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

There are forces which drive glomerular filtration and those that oppose it. The effective filtration pressure is always about ( +10, +20, +30 )mmHg. You can calculate it by adding together the forces that drive filtration (glomerular ( hydrostatic, osmotic ) pressure and capsular ( osmotic, hydrostatic ) pressure) and minusing the forces that oppose filtration (glomerular ( osmotic, hydrostatic ) pressure and capsular ( hydrostatic, osmotic ) pressure). Remember that ( capsular, glomerular ) osmotic pressure is negligible i.e. zero.

Explanation

Question 5 of 27

1

Which equation describes renal clearance?

Select one of the following:

Cs = (Us x V) / Ps (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the urine, times the volume of urine per unit time, divided by the concentration of the substance in the plasma)
Cs = (Ps x V) / Us (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the plasma, times the volume of urine per unit time, divided by the concentration of the substance in the urine)
Cs = (Us / V) x Ps (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the urine, divided by the volume of urine per unit time, times the concentration of the substance in the plasma)

Explanation

Question 6 of 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about glomerular filtration rate(GFR).

Select one of the following:

The GFR declines slowly with age.
To measure renal clearance we need a molecule that is not reabsorbed, secreted, or metabolised
Inulin or creatinine can be used to calculate GFR but inulin is commonly used clinically because it is a waste product of the muscles, whereas creatinine must be injected
GFR is fairly normal even if only 'one kidney' is intact. (half of nephrons)

Explanation

Question 7 of 27

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The filtration fraction is the amount of the plasma (non-cellular component of blood—red blood cells are too big) which is filtered through the glomerulus. It can be calculated by ( multiplying, dividing ) the glomerular filtration rate by the renal ( plasma, blood ) flow rate. (The renal plasma flow rate can be taken as ( half, 20-25% ) of the renal blood flow, i.e. if renal blood flow is 1.25L/min, renal plasma flow is ( 625ml, 125ml )/min.)
The equation is then ( FF = GFR x RPF, FF = GFR / RPF ).

Explanation

Question 8 of 27

1

The filtered load is the amount of substance filtered per minute. Choose the best equation for filtered load.

Select one of the following:

FL = GFR x Ps
FL = GFR x Cs
FL = Ps / GFR
FL = Cs / GFR

Explanation

Question 9 of 27

1

Choose all the molecules that are ONLY ever reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules. (In a healthy person.)

Select one or more of the following:

Water
Glucose
Na+
Cl-
Ca++
dopamine
bile salts
K+

Explanation

Question 10 of 27

1

Which of these molecules can be both secreted and reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules?

Select one or more of the following:

K+
NH3
H+
HCO3
urea
Na+
Water

Explanation

Question 11 of 27

1

PAH (p-aminohippurate) is only ever secreted in the nephron, and this secretion is always active.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about the proximal convoluted tubule.

Select one of the following:

It is the site of bulk reabsorption—66% of water, Na+, and Cl- are reabsorbed.
All of glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in it.
Half of urea is reabsorbed in it.
Organic acids and drugs are secreted into it.
90% of HCO3 is reabsorbed in it.

Explanation

Question 13 of 27

1

There are 4 sites of Na+ reabsorption:
66% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.
25% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.
5% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.
3% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

proximal convoluted tubule

thick ascending limb

thin ascending limb

distal convoluted tubule

collecting duct

convoluted duct

Explanation

Question 14 of 27

1

Choose the correct statement about transporters.

Select one of the following:

Na+ is transported by luminal membrane transporters in tight epithelium.
Na+ is transported by channels in leaky epithelium.
Glucose uses Na+ dependent transporters (SGLT1 or SGLT2) to move into the cell from the filtrate.
Glucose uses Na+ dependent transporters, GLUT1 or GLUT 2, to move into the blood out of the cell.

Explanation

Question 15 of 27

1

The normal filtered load of glucose should be 0.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 27

1

In leaky epithelium such as the ❌, the water permeability is high. Water can be reabsorbed via the paracellular or transcellular pathway. ❌ ADH, aquaporins AQP1 and AQP2 move into the ❌ membrane to move water into the cell. AQP3 and AQP4 move water out of the cell.
In tight epithelium such as the ❌, water permeability is low. The only aquaporin used is ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

PCT

collecting duct

With

Without

apical

basolateral

AQP2

AQP1

AQP3

AQP4

Explanation

Question 17 of 27

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The loop of Henle in the ( juxtamedullary, cortical ) nephrons is crucial for production of concentrated urine, i.e. it is important for ( reabsorbing, excreting ) the water and NaCl. The thin descending limb removes ( water, naCl ) (i.e. it is leaky) while the thick ascending limb removes ( NaCl, water )(i.e. it is tight).

Explanation

Question 18 of 27

1

Which of these are appropriate average values for total body water?

Select one of the following:

Males - 42L, Females - 38.5L
Males - 32L, Females - 28.5L
Males - 52L, Females - 48.5L

Explanation

Question 19 of 27

1

Typical NaCl concentration in the body (ICF/ECF) is 145mM. This means typical fluid osmolarity is around:

Select one of the following:

145mosmol/L
290mosmol/L
72.5mosmol/L

Explanation

Question 20 of 27

1

The kidneys are crucial for maintaining body water balance. If a person's water intake was 2400mL in a day, what could be a reasonable value for water excretion contribution by the kidneys?

Select one of the following:

~400mL
~2000mL
~1400mL

Explanation

Question 21 of 27

1

Reabsorption of water in the PCT is driven by Na+ reabsorption and is isotonic.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 22 of 27

1

Primary urine in the PCT is ❌. Due to water reabsorption in the tDLH, it becomes ❌. It turns ❌ due to Na+ reabsorption in the TAL, and can become hypertonic again in the ❌ during ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

isotonic

hypertonic

hypotonic

collecting duct

DCT

anti-diuresis

diuresis

Explanation

Question 23 of 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement.

Select one of the following:

Water moves to areas of low osmolarity
Dehydration increases ECF osmolarity due to water loss, and water moves out of the ICF (shrinks cells)
Hyperhydration decreases ECF osmolarity due to water gain, and water moves into the ICF (cells swell)
ADH alters the permeability of the collecting duct

Explanation

Question 24 of 27

1

With ADH, the collecting duct is relatively permeable to water and 8% of filtered water can be excreted.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 25 of 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about isosmotic losses.

Select one of the following:

Isosmotic losses can be things like diarrhoea, vomiting, and bleeding
No ECF/ICF osmolarity gradient will be produced
Volume loss is restricted to ICF

Explanation

Question 26 of 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about isosmotic gains.

Select one of the following:

Isosmotic gains can be caused by renal failure
ECF volume increases
Cells will be affected

Explanation

Question 27 of 27

1

There are two systems for regulating fluid gains and losses.
An osmotic change (just water loss/gain) will be ❌. This effects cells. It can be corrected with ❌ changes, which is a ❌ response system.
An isosmotic change will be ❌. This causes changes to blood pressure and volume which the heart can cope with. It can be corrected via ❌, which is a ❌ response system.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

spread between the ICF and ECF

limited to the ECF

ADH release

Na+ excretion/retention

fast

slow

	Created by Mer Scott over 6 years ago

HUBS192 (GI and Renal + Blood and Acid-Base) Quiz on RUS L35 - 39, created by Mer Scott on 29/09/2017.

RUS L35 - 39

Question 1 of 27

Chronic renal failure can cause anaemia.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 27

Which of these is an unhealthy glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 27

Choose the incorrect statement about renal blood flow.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 27

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 27

Which equation describes renal clearance?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 27

Choose the incorrect statement about glomerular filtration rate(GFR).

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 27

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 8 of 27

The filtered load is the amount of substance filtered per minute. Choose the best equation for filtered load.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 27

Choose all the molecules that are ONLY ever reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules. (In a healthy person.)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 27

Which of these molecules can be both secreted and reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 27

PAH (p-aminohippurate) is only ever secreted in the nephron, and this secretion is always active.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 27

Choose the incorrect statement about the proximal convoluted tubule.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 27

There are 4 sites of Na+ reabsorption: 66% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌. 25% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌. 5% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌. 3% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 14 of 27

Choose the correct statement about transporters.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 27

The normal filtered load of glucose should be 0.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 27

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 17 of 27

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 18 of 27

Which of these are appropriate average values for total body water?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 27

Typical NaCl concentration in the body (ICF/ECF) is 145mM. This means typical fluid osmolarity is around:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 27

The kidneys are crucial for maintaining body water balance. If a person's water intake was 2400mL in a day, what could be a reasonable value for water excretion contribution by the kidneys?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 21 of 27

Reabsorption of water in the PCT is driven by Na+ reabsorption and is isotonic.

There are 4 sites of Na+ reabsorption:
66% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.
25% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.
5% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.
3% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the ❌.