PHSI3012 Midsem

Question 1 of 15

1

Choose the most correct answer to complete this sentence.
A carcinoma is ____________________

Select one of the following:

A tumour of circulating blood cells
A benign tumour of glandular origin
An aggressive tumour of blood cell origin localised to the lymph nodes
A tumour of epithelial cell origin

Explanation

Question 2 of 15

1

An activating mutation of H-Ras proto-oncogene leads to self-sufficiency in growth signal. Which of the following reasons best explains the mechanism?

Select one of the following:

Cyclin D expression is decreased in the absence of mitogen
C-myc activity is increased in the absence of mitogen
A decrease in E2-F transcription factor activity is stimulated in the absence of a mitogen
An increase in hypophosphorylated pRB is stimulated in the absence of a mitogen

Explanation

Question 3 of 15

1

Why is p53 a critical tumour suppressor gene?

Select one of the following:

It is an essential component of the apoptotic pathway
It repairs DNA damage
It has key roles in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and maintenance of genetic stability
It is essential for normal development

Explanation

Question 4 of 15

1

The progression of breast cancer from primary lesion to metastatic disease is a multifactorial process. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT:

Select one of the following:

A cancer cell escapes its local environment by initially invading the basement membrane
An epithelial cell undergoes a process termed mesenchyme-to-epithelial transition during initial vessel invasion
Invasion of the lymph and blood vessels is an early step in tumour cell dissemination
Disseminated tumour cells can lie dormant for years before reinitiating a program of cell growth to colonise a distal site

Explanation

Question 5 of 15

1

Below is a population doubling vs time graph (time on the X axis and population doublings on the Y axis). If a cell culture is proliferating at point X, what would need to happen to the culture in order to continue proliferating to point Y?

Select one of the following:

The cell culture would continue to grow to point Y if a tumour suppressor mechanism was activated.
The cell population is immortal, so the cells will continue to grow past point Y indefinitely.
Cells would continue to proliferate to point Y if a tumour suppressor gene was inactivated.
The cells will enter crisis, a rare cell will escape crisis by activation of a telomere maintenance mechanism, and the culture will be immortal.

Explanation

Question 6 of 15

1

Our lab obtained an immortal cell line from a collaborator, and we don’t know whether the telomeres are being maintained by telomerase or the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) mechanism. We performed assays to determine the telomere maintenance mechanism and the results are listed below. Can we determine which method of telomere maintenance has been activated?

Select one of the following:

Unable to determine which TMM has been activated
Telomerase
Neither telomerase nor ALT have been activated
ALT

Explanation

Question 7 of 15

1

Xenografts can be injected into a number of different locations depending on what aspect of metastasis is to be examined. Which of the following injections sites best assess intravasation:

Select one of the following:

Subcutaneous
Intraductal
Tail vein
Tibia

Explanation

Question 8 of 15

1

Breast cancer preferentially undergoes bone metastasis. During this process RANKL.

Select one of the following:

Is expressed by cancer cells enabling osteoblast differentiation
Is secreted by cancer cells acting directly on osteoclasts to induce osteolysis
Is secreted from bone matrix following osteolysis and along with other growth factors promotes further cancer cell growth
Is secreted by osteoblasts and induces osteoclast differentiation

Explanation

Question 9 of 15

1

Which of the following pairs are CORRECT?

Select one of the following:

Melanocytes – pigment
Langerhans cells – cornified layer
Keratinocytes – immune response
Fibroblasts – UV protection

Explanation

Question 10 of 15

1

Complete the following sentence. In sunlight reaching the earth’s surface ____________________.

Select one of the following:

Very low wavelengths, below 290nm, are absorbed by wet surfaces
Longer wavelengths like UVA penetrate less far into the skin than UVB
Vitamin D is produced by wavelengths in the UVB spectrum
UVB is mostly responsible for the warmth of the sun

Explanation

Question 11 of 15

1

Glivec is the first “rationally designed” drug we have produced. Which answer most correctly describes the mechanism by which Glivec treats leukaemia?

Select one of the following:

Glivec binds to an important functional site in BCR
Glivec inhibits the retinoic acid receptor α hormone receptor
Glivec inhibits function of the ABL kinase
Glivec induces cellular differentiation to a terminally mature cell type

Explanation

Question 12 of 15

1

The earliest response to decreased blood pressure is:

Select one of the following:

Angiotensin II induced vasodilation of the arterioles.
Conversion of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I by renin.
Angiotensin I conversion to Angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Renin release from the hypothalamus.

Explanation

Question 13 of 15

1

Which ONE of the following statements regarding Essential or Primary Hypertension is INCORRECT?
(there were two)

Select one or more of the following:

Can be linked with elevated levels of Renin.
Associated with risk factors such as diet, genetics, age, and smoking.
Is due to increased blood volume due to causes such as primary aldosteronism.
Accounts for 90% of all hypertension cases, with the other 10% of cases due to unknown causes.

Explanation

Question 14 of 15

1

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors in the RVLM of a NORMOTENSIVE control rat?

Select one of the following:

Activation of Ang II receptors causes an increase in blood pressure, while blockade of Ang II receptors has little effect.
Activation of Ang II receptors causes an increase in blood pressure, and blockade of Ang II receptors causes a fall in blood pressure.
Activation of Ang II receptors causes a fall in blood pressure, while blockade of Ang II receptors has little effect.
Activation of Ang II receptors causes a fall in blood pressure, and blockade of Ang II receptors causes a rise in blood pressure.

Explanation

Question 15 of 15

1

Which of the following statements best describes the transportation of lipids throughout the body:

Select one of the following:

LDL carry triglycerides from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
Cholesterol transport is primarily mediated by LDL & VLDL.
Triglycerides are primarily transported from the gut and liver to peripheral tissues.
HDL removes cholesterol from the liver to counter the effects of LDL.

	Created by Michael Jardine over 6 years ago

PHSI3012 Midsem

PHSI3012 Midsem

Question 1 of 15

Choose the most correct answer to complete this sentence. A carcinoma is ____________________

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 15

An activating mutation of H-Ras proto-oncogene leads to self-sufficiency in growth signal. Which of the following reasons best explains the mechanism?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 15

Why is p53 a critical tumour suppressor gene?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 15

The progression of breast cancer from primary lesion to metastatic disease is a multifactorial process. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 15

Below is a population doubling vs time graph (time on the X axis and population doublings on the Y axis). If a cell culture is proliferating at point X, what would need to happen to the culture in order to continue proliferating to point Y?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 15

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 15

Xenografts can be injected into a number of different locations depending on what aspect of metastasis is to be examined. Which of the following injections sites best assess intravasation:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 15

Breast cancer preferentially undergoes bone metastasis. During this process RANKL.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 15

Which of the following pairs are CORRECT?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 15

Complete the following sentence. In sunlight reaching the earth’s surface ____________________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 15

Glivec is the first “rationally designed” drug we have produced. Which answer most correctly describes the mechanism by which Glivec treats leukaemia?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 15

The earliest response to decreased blood pressure is:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 15

Which ONE of the following statements regarding Essential or Primary Hypertension is INCORRECT? (there were two)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors in the RVLM of a *NORMOTENSIVE* control rat?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 15

Which of the following statements best describes the transportation of lipids throughout the body:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Choose the most correct answer to complete this sentence.
A carcinoma is ____________________

Which ONE of the following statements regarding Essential or Primary Hypertension is INCORRECT?
(there were two)

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors in the RVLM of a NORMOTENSIVE control rat?