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Layers of living stromatolites
microfossils
Biosignatures
problems with biosignatures
isotope ratios as evidence for life
problems with using isotope ratios as evidence for life
Hadeon era
Archaean era
Paleoproterozoic
Neoproterozoic era
Possible energy sources for earliest life
earliest conditions for living things on earth
redox reactions involving available substrates during the Archaean era
Oxygenic Photosynthesis of Cyanobacteria
Evolutionary relationships
Possible phenotypic characteristics (not DNA) that were used to determine evolutionary relatedness
problems of using phenotypic similarities to determine evolutionary relatedness
Assumptions of using DNA as molecular clocks
what type of DNA can we look at?
Why is 16S rRNA a good choice of DNA to study evolutionary relatedness?
Methods of comparing two 16S rRNA sequences
correlation factor
endosymbiosis
evidence for endosymbiosis
discovery of three domains
evolutionary tree LUCAs
relationship between archaea and eukaryotes
Major groups of Archaea
Euryarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
Thaumoarchaeota
memorize key differences between domains!!!
When are evolutionary trees a good model of relationships?
Limitations of using phylogenetic trees
