*Research conducted after variation in the variable of interest has already been determined in the natural course of events.
*Used when randomization and manipulation of variable characteristics is not possible.

What are the two basic designs of ex post facto research?

A characteristic that a subject possesses before the study begins

Approaches are very similar between these two types of research

Starts with equivalent groups and exposes them to different treatments

Starts with different groups and tries to determine the consequences or antecendents of the difference

Mistakenly attributing causation based on a relationship between two variables

To establish a conclusion that X is the cause of Y, you should verify these three things:

A relationship where two variables have no effect on each other, but are related because of a third variable

A relationship where a change in one variable can be predicted from a change in the other

What are the 5 stages of Ex Post Facto Research?

Type of Ex Post Facto design that begins with subjects grouped on the basis of an independent variable (Ex. father present/father not present)

Type of Ex Post Facto design that seeks possible antecedent causes for a pre-existing dependent variable

What are some alternative explanations in ex post facto research?

Strategies used to improve the credibility of ex post facto research provide...

What are some of the specific partial control strategies?

This partial control strategy is likely to greatly reduce the number of subjects that can actually be used in the final analysis

True or False: Using homogeneous groups reduces external validity of the study

This partial control strategy adjusts scores on the dependent variable for any initial differences on the extraneous variable

2x4x2 higher-order interaction F test is an example of this type of partial control strategy:

Investigates the extent to which variables are related and the direction of the relationship

How does correlational research differ from ex post facto?

In correlational research, the sign + or - indicates what?

What do + 1.00 and - 1.00 represent and why?

What are the uses of Correlation?

True or False: Often a correlational study is mainly exploratory

True or False: Correlations can be used to measure consistency

Reliability (Consistency) of a test can be assessed through:

True or false: When you find two variables are correlated, you can use one variable to predict the other.

What are the stages to designing a correlational study?

Name the 6 correlation coefficients

Look at Measures of Relationships Table- What are the three types?

What are the considerations for interpreting a correlation coefficient?

Does correlation indicate a cause and effect relationship?

This is used to determine the relationship b/t two variables when the third is removed

A correlational procedure that examines the relationships among several variables, enables researchers to find the best possible weighting of two or more independent variables to yield a maximum correlation with a single dependent variable.

A statistical procedure related to multiple regression, but differs in that the criterion is a categorical variable rather than a continuous one

Analyzes the intercorrelations among a large set of measures to identify a smaller number of common factors

Adds more than one dependent variable to the prediction equation

An independent variable that an investigator can directly manipulate

This is an alternative explanation in Ex Post Facto research, in which the independent and dependent variable are two separate results of a third variable

This is an alternative explanation in Ex Post Facto research, in which the reverse of the suggested hypothesis could also account for the finding

The assumption that a statistically significant correlation also has practice signficance