Physical methods for microbial growth control

Chemical methods for microbial growth control

sterilization

disinfection

antiseptis

sanitation

autoclave

Pasteurization

Flash Pasteurization

Ultra-high temperature Pasteurization (UHT)

What reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants/antiseptics?

Antimicrobial drugs/Antibiotics

bacteriostatic growth

bactericidal growth

bacteriolytic growth

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

Streptomyces antibiotic production

spectrum of action

Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Examples of drugs that target well studied areas

Target: cell wall biosynthesis

how B-lactam ring binds to PBP

different steps of cell wall biosynthesis to be blocked

target: DNA supercoiling/replication/integrity

DNA gyrase

target: Metabolism

folic acid and PABA

target: protein synthesis

Napthacene ring system and protein synthesis

all steps of protein synthesis and corresponding drugs

antibiotic resistance mechanisms

Triclosan

Triclosan resistance: experimental methods

results of Triclosan experiments

Problems with Triclosan today

Triclosan effect on efflux pumps