significance of small size of bacteria

Bright field microscopy

total magnifying power

resolution

How can we create contrast (in GENERAL) in bright-field microscopy?

gram stain

disadvantages of gram staining

How can we create contrast optically?

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Visualization: Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Pros/Cons of Immunofluorescence

Visualization: Protein fusions to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

Pros/Cons of GFP visualization

Steps AFTER GFP visualization

How do we know an IF or GFP experiment is showing us the REAL location of the protein?

Immunofluorescence vs GFP

Direct Microscopic Count

Viable cell count (including disadvantages)

Turbidity

Pros/Cons of OD count