Which of the following best describes bacteria?
one-celled organisms that occur alone or in chains
a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating
an organism which lives inside its host and feeds off of it
A student sets up a compost bin outdoors. Inside the bin, microorganisms convert the student's vegetable and paper scraps into rich fertilizer. Which of the following best describes the role that these microorganisms play in natural habitats?
The microorganisms are bacteria which help balance the numbers of producers and consumers.
The microorganisms are parasites which help keep nutrients cycling through the ecosystem through decomposition.
The microorganisms are bacteria which help keep nutrients cycling through the ecosystem through decomposition.
The microorganisms are viruses which function to convert solar energy into glucose.
A photograph of a virus is shown below. The projections on the surface of the virus allow the virus to:
move inside a host cell
attach to a host cell
control a host cell's DNA
signal other viruses to infect a host cell
Cold sores are caused by herpes simplex type 1. A company that wants to develop antiviral drugs would need to research:
the method used by the virus to infect host cells
how closely herpes simplex virus type 1 is related to cold viruses
the rate at which the virus can divide
ways the herpes simplex virus type 1 is transmitted among humans
Fungi are not considered plants because they:
cannot produce their own food in the absence of chlorophyll
have roots & leaves and can produce their own food
are never green
do not produce flowers
Fungi grow best in:
cold & wet environments
dry & cold environments
moist and cold environments
moist and warm environments
Most of the genetic material contained in a bacterial cell is in the:
nucleus
ribosomes
single chromosome in the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
The thick gelatin capsule along with the slime layer that encases a bacterial cell help it to:
reproduce
find a host cell
break down decaying food
stick to surfaces
Which of the following is NOT a structural feature of bacteria?
membrane-bound nucleus
cytoplasm
cell wall
cell membrane
Most bacteria obtain their food by:
entering a host cell & destroying it
breaking down dead organisms and absorbing nutrients from their host
using chlorophyll to produce their own food
feeding on live organisms
Strep Throat, Anthrax, and Tetanus are examples of disease-causing bacteria called:
pathogens
fungi
parasites
saprophytes
A bacterial toxin found in food is called:
pathogen
penicillin
antibiotic
botulism
An active virus does which of the following?
helps the host cell replicate the DNA of the host cell
invades the host cell without destroying it
combines its DNA with that of the host cell
causes the host cell to make viral cells and destroys the host cell in the process
Some yogurt companies in the United States have started using probiotics in their yogurt products in order to promote digestive health. Probiotics are single-celled organisms that live in the intestines and aid in the reduction of gas, cramping, and diarrhea. Which microbe represents a probiotic?
bacteria
parasite
virus
One of the benefits derived from bacteria which live in the digestive system is:
they can harm the digestive systems without harming themselves
they have an unlimited supply of food
they can reproduce more easily
they can produce vitamin K which is necessary for blood clot formation
Which of the following organelle(s) do viruses lack?
a protein coating
genetic material
nucleus and cell membrane
none of the above
protective coating like a cell wall
What organisms are responsible for creating holes in Swiss Cheese and giving yogurt its taste and texture?
algae
protists
viruses
Medicine, enzymes, and cleansers are made from manufactured ____.
Which of the following is NOT an internal parasite?
ringworms
flatworms
tapeworms
heart worms
One main difference between a bacteria and a virus is that:
bacteria are many-celled organisms and viruses have only one cell
bacteria are living organisms while viruses are not
viruses can be harmful and bacteria are only helpful
bacteria can only function if they have a host cell to feed on, while viruses produce their own food
How does a virus use a host cell to replicate itself?
The virus attaches to the host cell and forces the host cell to replicate viral DNA.
It goes through a form of sexual reproduction with the host cell.
It goes through a form of asexual reproduction with the host cell.
The host cell attaches to the virus so that it can reproduce the virus.
Bioremediation is using microbes to clean up or remove toxins from the environment. Which description is an example of bioremediation?
When bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia during the nitrogen cycle.
When bacteria are used to produce cheese and yogurt from milk.
When bacteria are used to remove jet fuel accidentally spilled in soil.
When bacteria are used to produce methane gas that generates electricity.
Some bacteria assist in the production of ___, which limit the growth of bacteria.
hyphae
antibiotics
Schistosomiasis is a disease that occurs when eggs of small flatworms hatch inside the body. The worms can grow in many different tissues. How could schistosomiasis in the intestines interfere with normal body functions?
By causing painful rashes and swelling on the skin
By reducing the oxygen movement to cells in the body
By keeping the body from absorbing nutrients from food
By increasing the rate of cell metabolism in the body
Using the table, which diseases would spread more rapidly in a densely populated area?
tuberculosis & strep throat
lyme disease & botulism
botulism, strep throat, and tetanus
lyme disease, strep throat, & tuberculosis
Hand sanitizers with antibacterial agents are marketed as a way to prevent the spread of disease through hand contact. Is this a perfect solution to the problem?
No, the bacteria that survive the sanitizer reproduce to form additional resistant bacteria.
No, the ethyl alcohol in some sanitizers is an excellent germ killer
Yes, they are sold in small, portable containers to allow hand to be cleaned at any time.
Yes, people using hand sanitizers have slower regrowth of bacteria.
A certain virus causes people to catch colds and other infections more easily. Which body system does the virus affect?
circulatory
nervous
immune
digestive
A cold sore is an example of a latent virus because:
a latent virus cannot live very long in a host cell, so a cold sore only appears once
the viral DNA becomes a part of the cell, and the cold sore virus can become active again
a latent virus does not produce cold sores
the virus can be destroyed completely, never to show up again
Some bacteria are mixed with milk to make yogurt. These bacteria change the lactose in the milk into glucose, which then ferments into lactic acid. The lactic acid causes a protein in the milk to stick together, creating the gelatinous yogurt. The following graph shows the relative lactic acid production of different bacteria.
Which of these is a logical conclusion based on the data?
Bacteria 1 & 2 combine to make the largest amount of lactic acid and would be most effective at making yogurt
Bacterium 2 makes glucose but not lactic acid so it should not be used in making yogurt
Bacteria 1 & 3 combine to be most effective at breaking down the glucose needed to make yogurt
Bacterium 1 & 3 combine to be least effective at changing lactic acid into glucose and should not be used in making yogurt
Scientists discovered that some bacteria can be used to clean up oil spills. The following graph shows the results of a study where the oil-cleaning abilities of two groups of bacteria were compared.
Which conclusion can be made from these data?
Fertilizers decrease both the metabolic activity of the bacteria and the amount of oil that is cleaned up.
Fertilizers increase both the metabolic activity of the bacteria and the amount of oil that is cleaned up.
Fertilizers eliminate the bacteria and increase the absorption of oil.
Fertilizers do not affect the bacteria or the amount of oil that is cleaned up.
Sean is allergic to mold. Which of these describes how mold affects him?
He touches mold that burrows into his skin, causing swelling a rash.
Wind blows the mold into his eyes, causing blurry vision.
He inhales mold spores that irritate respiratory tissue, causing him to sneeze.
He eats food made from mold, causing an ulcer to develop in his stomach.
An example of a viral infection is:
ringworm
AIDS/HIV
Food Poisoning
Strep Throat
A student has the following symptoms of a cold: coughing, sneezing, headache, and sore throat. Which describes how the student contracted this cold?
She inhaled a virus, which traveled to the respiratory tissue and interfered with normal breathing function.
She touched an object covered with a bacterium, which penetrated her skin and traveled to her lungs through her blood system.
She ate food with a fungus in it, which traveled to major organs in her body.
She walked barefoot in soil containing a parasitic worm. The worm imbedded itself in her skin and sent toxin throughout her body.
How do viruses move from place to place?
They are airborne and are carried by wind so they are inhaled.
They move through tube-like structures as they are reproducing.
They move throughout structures called hyphae.
They do not move; the host cells come to the virus.
Study the table showing symptoms of four diseases affecting humans. Which statement about the diseases is true?
They are caused by different bacteria.
They are caused by viruses and fungi.
They all affect the same body system.
They are all caused by bacteria or viruses.
Which of the following represents the relationship between a parasitic worm and its host?
a human with a tapeworm in its digestive system
a human who has contracted chicken pox
a human who has contracted ringworm
a human with an upper respiratory infection
H. pylori is a bacterium that damages the mucous coating in the lining of the stomach and duodenum. A study compared the presence of H. pylori with the incidence of stomach ulcers in humans. The table shows the results of six groups of people who participated in the study. What is the MOST logical conclusion that can be made?
H. pylori infection provides protection from stomach ulcers
H. pylori infection and stomach ulcers are unrelated
Humans tested for the presence of H. pylori will develop stomach ulcers
The development of stomach ulcers in humans may be caused by H. pylori
Probiotics are bacteria that provide health benefits to humans when consumed. A researcher is studying the use of probiotic therapy in treating patients with diarrhea. She observed that probiotic bacteria treatment shortens the duration of diarrhea in children. What can be inferred from the researcher's work?
Probiotic therapy helps the body to make nutrients
Probiotic therapy is a more effective treatment for children
Probiotic therapy will reduce the duration of diarrhea in adults
Probiotic therapy will reduce dependence on all antibiotic drugs
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