Compendium 7 - How do we get rid of toxic wastes?

Question 1 of 50

1

Select Four organs of the urinary system

Select one or more of the following:

Bladder
Kidneys
Ureter
Urethra
Vagina
Esophagus

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

Select the Three main functions of the kidneys

Select one or more of the following:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Removal of toxic waste

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Describe the location of the Kidneys

Select one of the following:

posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity
anterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

The right kidney is located slightly more superior than the left kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Identify the external structural layers of the Kidney:

Select one of the following:

• renal capsule - immediate lining covering the renal tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• renal capsule - outer layer, anchors kidney and attaches it to surrounding tissue
• adipose tissue - fat layer outside the renal capsule
• renal fascia - immediate lining covering the renal tissue

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The Four parts of the nephron are:

Select one or more of the following:

• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Renal corpuscle
• Renal bowmans capsule

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Describe the three processes necessary for urine formation.

Select one or more of the following:

Filtration - occurs in the renal corpuscle
Tubular reabsorption - occurs in the PCT and DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the DCT
Tubular secretion - occurs in the PCT and DCT

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

Describe the components that make up the urinary process

Select one of the following:

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.
Filtration occurs in the renal capsule, which consists of the glomerulus and renal corpuscle.
Blood enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and solutes in the blood are pushed through the
glomerular capillary wall and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the tubule. This
solution is called filtrate and a small amount of it will eventually become urine.

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Reabsorption from the filtrate is a two-step process. Referring to Figure 9.2, the two steps are:
( (1), (2) ) Movement of the filtrate into the cells lining the nephron through the apical surface of the cell or
the apical membrane.
( (2), (1) ) Then from these cells into the blood through the basal surface of the cell or basal membrane.

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

Which one of the following structures is known as the ‘functional unit of the kidney’?

Select one of the following:

a. the renal corpuscle
b. the glomerulus
c. the nephron
d. the renal pyramids

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

Which one of the following structures is considered to be a part of the nephron?

Select one or more of the following:

a. the glomerulus
b. ureter
c. collecting duct
d. renal pelvis

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

Which one of the following substances would you expect to find in the filtrate of a healthy
individual?

Select one or more of the following:

a. red blood cells
b. sodium ions
c. large proteins
d. white blood cells

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

Which one of the following substances would be normally re-absorbed into the kidney
tubules?

Select one of the following:

glucose
ammonia
large proteins
red blood cells

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

Which hormone promotes water retention in the body?

Select one of the following:

aquaporin hormone
thyrotropin hormone
oxytocin hormone
anti-diuretic hormone

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

What is the name of the muscle found in the wall of the bladder?

Select one of the following:

cardiac
skeletal
fast twitch
detrusor

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

What is the name of the reflex that controls urination?

Select one of the following:

sympathetic
micturition
baroreceptor
parasympathetic

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

Nephron Diagram:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌

The two parts of the renal corpuscle
are:
1. ❌
2. ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Cortex of kidney

Medulla of kidney

Glomerulus (1st)

Glomerular capsule (2nd)

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

What type of nephron is nephron A?

Select one of the following:

Juxtamedullary
Cortical

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

What type of nephron is nephron B?

Select one of the following:

Cortical
Juxtamedullary

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

Juxtamedullary: There are two types of nephrons: Superficial cortical nephrons, which have their glomeruli in the outer cortex. They have shorter loops of Henle, which dip only into the outer medulla. Juxtamedullary nephrons, which have their glomeruli near the corticomedullary border.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

Creatinine: A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which forms urine. The parts of the nephron are:
• Renal corpuscle
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, which consists of the ( glomerulus, loop of henle ) and ( Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubules ).

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

Filtration:
Filtration occurs in the ❌, which consists of the ❌ and ❌. ❌ enters the glomerulus, and the fluid and ❌ in the blood are pushed through the glomerular ❌ and enter the Bowman’s capsule, which is the first part of the ❌. This solution is called ❌ and a small amount of it will eventually become ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

renal corpuscle

Bowman’s capsule

Blood

urine

solutes

capillary wall

tubule

filtrate

glomerulus (1st)

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Tubular re-absorption:
Re-absorption is the return of water and solutes to the blood following filtration. The filtrate flows
through the proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules and then to the
collecting ducts. As the filtrate moves through the nephron, much of it is reabsorbed from the
nephron to the blood stream via processes such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport, symport and osmosis.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are secreted into the filtrate from the blood. Tubular secretion can be active or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays an important role in the regulation of the pH of the blood.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

Tubular secretion:
Tubular secretion is when substances are ❌ into the filtrate from the ❌. Tubular
❌ can be ❌ or passive. A good example of tubular secretion is H+ ions, and this plays
an important role in the regulation of the ❌ of the blood.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

secreted

blood

secretion

active

pH

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

Sodium-potassium exchange pump is

Select one of the following:

Active
Passive

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

Which molecule is moving with Na+ during co-transport (piggy backing)?

Select one of the following:

Glucose
Fructose

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

Anti Port - Which molecule is moving with Na+?

Select one of the following:

Ca2+
K+

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

Anti-port: Is Na+ and Ca2+ moving in the same direction or in opposite directions?

Select one of the following:

Opposite
Same direction

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Facilitated diffusion is the mechanism by which glucose moves out of the nephron cell in to the blood

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

Describe the structure and function of the special carrier molecule

Select one of the following:

Protein imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.
Lipid imbedded in cell membrane with a central channel. It helps move molecules across
the cell membrane.

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

Name two molecules that move across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Select one or more of the following:

Fructose
Amino acids
Glucose

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion moving the molecule up or down its concentration gradient?

Select one of the following:

Down its concentration gradient. From high to low concentration.
Up its concentration gradient. From low to high concentration.

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

Is facilitated diffusion an active or passive process?

Select one of the following:

Diffusion is passive – it does not require energy (ATP).
Diffusion is active – it does require energy (ATP).

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

Is glucose moving from the filtrate to the blood, or from the blood to the filtrate?

Select one of the following:

Glucose is moving from the filtrate to the blood. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP
Glucose is moving from the blood to the filtrate. It is being reabsorbed into the body where it
will be used by cells to make ATP

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

The glomerular capsule is also known as the Bowman’s capsule

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular capsule.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of the ❌ (a bed of capillaries) and the glomerular ❌.
The glomerular capsule is also known as the ❌. Blood enters the ❌
(the first part of the nephron) via the ❌ arteriole. When the blood passes through the bed of
capillaries in the renal corpuscle, fluid leaves the ❌ and becomes ❌. This is the first
stage of ❌ formation. This filtrate then enters into the glomerular capsule and flows directly into
the ❌, where tubular ❌ begins. Blood that comes in via the
afferent arteriole leaves via the efferent arteriole to return to the body’s ❌ ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

glomerulus

capsule

Bowman’s capsule

renal corpuscle

afferent

filtrate

capillary

urine

proximal convoluted tubule

reabsorption

supply

blood

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

❌ - Holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

❌ - Found in between the endothelial cells and the podocytes

❌ - Spaces between the podocyte cell processes

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Fenestrae of capillaries

Basement membrane

Filtration slits

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

Fenestrae of capillaries - Window-like holes in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

• The nephron higher in the cortex is called a ❌.
• The nephron that is lower in the cortex with a long Loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla is a ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

cortical nephron

juxtamedullary nephron (juxta = near)

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

❌ : Main area for reabsorption of water (80%) 100% reabsorption of amino acids and sugars

❌ : Controlled secretion of wastes, toxin, excess ions. Alters concentration of urine by varying water reabsorption

❌ : Reabsorbs ions and water.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

The distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron. What is the name of the segment following the distal convoluted tubule?

Select one of the following:

Collecting duct
Advancing duct

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

The bladder is a hollow structure that stores urine. What volume of urine do you think the bladder usually holds?

Select one of the following:

up to 1 L
up to 1.5 L

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

Carrier molecules are usually proteins bound to a non-protein group

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

In the cell, examples of molecules that must use facilitated diffusion to move in and out of the cell membrane are glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions. They pass using carrier proteins through the cell membrane without energy along the concentration gradient.

	Created by Jessica Bulley about 6 years ago