Created by Emily Sharrett
almost 10 years ago
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Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis
Where are DNA viruses replicated and assembled?
Where are RNA viruses replicated and assembled?
Assembly
Release
Cytopathic effects
Inclusion bodies
Synctia
Transformation
Results of viral infections
Viruses and cancer
Characteristics of bacteriophages
T-even bacteriophages
Lysogeny
Lysogenic induction
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Phototroph
Chemotroph
Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs :
Chemoorganic Autotrophs
Chemoautotrophs:
Lithoautotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Saprobes
Parasites
Parasites :
Pathogens
Parasites:
Ectoparasites
Parasites:
Endoparasites
Parasites :
Intracellular Parasites
Parasites :
Obligate Parasites
Transport
Active transport
Endocytosis:
Eating and drinking by cells
Endocytosis :
Endocytosis
Endocytosis :
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis :
Pinocytosis
Cardinal temperature
Cardinal temperatures :
Minimum temperature
Cardinal temperature :
Maximum temperature
Cardinal temperature :
Optimum temperature
Gases
Microbes fall into one of three categories
How microbes process oxygen
Singlet oxygen (O)
Superoxide ion (O2-)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Hydroxyl radicals (OH-)
Capnophiles
pH
Acidophiles
Alkalinophiles
Osmophiles
Halophiles
Symbiosis
Symbionts
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Antagonism
Antibiosis
Synergism
Biofilms
Binary fission
Generation time or Doubling time
Generation
The rate of population growth
Exponential growth pattern
Exponential growth phase
Actively growing phase
Practical importance of the growth curve
Chemostat
Methods of microbial control
Primary targets of microbial control
Bacterial endospores
Sterilization and disinfection
Bactericide
Fungicide
Virucide
Sporicide
Germicide/microbicide
Sepsis
Asepsis
Aseptic technique
Antiseptics
Stasis/static
Bacteristatic
Fungistatic
Microbial death
Factors affecting death rate
Cellular targets of physical and chemical agents
Methods of physical control : Heat
Moist heat
Dry heat
Heat resistance
Thermal death time (TDT)
Thermal death point (TDP)
Effects of cold
Psychrophiles
Desiccation
Lyophilization
Radiation
Filtration
Osmotic pressure
Chemical agents in microbial control
Aqueous solutions
Tinctures
Selecting a microbicidal chemical
High-level germicides
Intermediate-level germicides
Low-level germicides
Chemotherapeutic drug
Prophlaxis
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Semisynthetic drugs
Synthetic drugs
Narrow spectrum (limited spectrum)
Broad spectrum (extended spectrum)
Before actual antimicrobial therapy can begin, 3 factors must be known
Identifying the agent
Testing for drug susceptibility
Testing for drug susceptibility : Kirby-Bauer technique
Testing for drug susceptibility : Tube dilution tests
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Therapeutic index
Goal of antimicrobial drugs
Selectively toxic
Drugs with excellent selective toxicity
Drugs most toxic to humans
Goals of chemotherapy
Antimicrobial drug categories
Antibiotics and biofilms
Strategies for treating biofilm infections
Agents to treat fungal infections
Modes of action of antiviral agents
Probiotics
Prebiotics
Drug resistance
Development of drug resistance
Chromosomal drug resistance
Resistance through horizontal transfer
How did drug resistance become a problem?
Bacteria outsmart antibiotics
Preventing drug resistance
"Super bug"
New approaches to antimicrobial therapy
CDIF
MRSA
MRSA symptoms
VRE
Tuberculosis
Primary Tuberculosis
Secondary tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Diagnosing tuberculosis
MDR-TB
(Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis)
Normal resident biota
Resident microbes
Transient microbes
Opportunists
Stages in infections : Finding a portal of entry
Stages in infections : Attaching firmly
Stages in infections : Surviving host defenses
Stages in infections : Causing damage (disease)
Stages in infections : Exiting host
Progress of infection
Sign
Symptom
Syndrome
Latency
Sequelae
Pathogen
Virulence
Infection
Communicable
Virulence factors
Pathogenicity
Bacterial toxins
Toxigenicity
Toxinoses
Toxemias
Intoxications
Signs of infection in the blood
Septicemia
Bacteremia or Viremia
Reservoir
Source
Carrier
Vector
Biological vector
Mechanical vector
Zoonosis
Nonliving reservoirs
Direct contact
Vertical transmission
Indirect contact
Droplet
Communicable vs Contagious vs Noncommunicable
Epidemiology
Etiologic agent
Robert Koch
Koch's Postulates
Koch's Postulates
Exceptions to Koch's Postulates
Epidemic
Pandemic
Endemic
Sporadic
Incidence
Prevalence
ID50
LD50
Nosocomial infections
Barrier precautions
Sharps precautions
Dental precautions
Hand washing precautions
Saliva precautions
Health care worker precautions
Protein synthesis inhibitors that act on ribosomes
Drugs that act on folic acid synthesis in the cytoplasm
Cell wall inhibitors
Drugs that act on the cell membrane
Drugs that act on DNA/RNA
Cellular target : cellular synthesis
Cellular target : cell membrane
Cellular target : cell wall
Cellular target : proteins