W2 Questions

Question 1 of 35

1

Biochemistry
Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Select one of the following:

BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate)
CO2
O2
H+

Explanation

Question 2 of 35

1

Biochemistry
What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Select one of the following:

Fe2+ in the heme
Fe3+ in the heme
Proximal histidine
Distal histidine

Explanation

Question 3 of 35

1

When should you wash your hands rather than use hand sanitizer?

Select one of the following:

After touching a patient.
After taking care of a patient with MRSA.
After taking care of a patient with clostridia difficile or norovirus.
After taking care of a patient with tuberculosis.

Explanation

Question 4 of 35

1

What is the auscultatory gap?

Select one of the following:

The silent area between the mitral and tricuspid valve areas.
A gap between the 4th and 5th Korotkoff sounds.
A year spent abroad listening to hearts.
A silent gap after the first Korotkoff sounds that may be found in elderly patients, thus giving a falsely low BP reading.

Explanation

Question 5 of 35

1

Sickle Cell Workshop
What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Select one of the following:

Lack of expression of the B-globin gene, resulting in the formation of incorrect hemoglobin tetramers
Point mutation (Glu 6--> Val6) in the B-chain of hemoglobin
Persistent expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF)
Decreased production of a-hemoglobin chains

Explanation

Question 6 of 35

1

Embryology- Gastrulation
A 25-year old woman gives birth to her first child, after having had prenatal ultrasounds that revealed no obvious defects. However,
the attending physician discovers a small protruding mass extending from the coccyx region (tailbone) that is palpable and may
affect normal defecation. However, the infant appears to have normal neuronal function (no paralysis or spasms) and is otherwise
healthy. What is the most likely cause of this abnormality?

Select one of the following:

Spina Bifida Occulta
gastroschisis
Sacroccygeal teratoma
Neuroenteric Cyst

Explanation

Question 7 of 35

1

Embryology: gastrulation
Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior
surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Select one of the following:

Lateral plate mesoderm
Primitive streak
Axial mesoderm
Neural tube

Explanation

Question 8 of 35

1

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Select one of the following:

Connective tissue
epithelium
muscle
nervous

Explanation

Question 9 of 35

1

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Select one of the following:

connective tissue
epithelium
muscle
nervous

Explanation

Question 10 of 35

1

Intro to Histology
Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Select one of the following:

To attach coverslips to slides
To bind tissues to microscope slides
To preserve tissue structure
To reduce loss of stain over time

Explanation

Question 11 of 35

1

Biochemistry
What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Select one of the following:

Holoenzymes
Coenzymes
Apoenzymes
Isoenzymes

Explanation

Question 12 of 35

1

Enzymes
A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Select one of the following:

Binds and inhibits the reaction whether or not substrate is bound
Inactivates the enzyme by forming a covalent bond
Is metabolized by the enzyme to a more potent product
Prevents substrate binding

Explanation

Question 13 of 35

1

Enzymes
What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Select one of the following:

Increases Km
Increases Vmax
Decreases Vmax and decreases Km
Increases Vmax and increases Km

Explanation

Question 14 of 35

1

Enzymes
Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific
amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Kinases
Kinesins
Proteases
Zymogens

Explanation

Question 15 of 35

1

Enzymes
Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Oxidation-reduction
Double bond formation
Splitting a molecule with water
Transfer of functional chemical groups

Explanation

Question 16 of 35

1

Epidemiology
In a cross-sectional study the reported mean BMI in a sample of 1,024 fourteen-year-old adolescents was 24.2 with a Standard Deviation of 6.4, and a Standard Error of [(6.4)/(Sqrt 1034)] = 6.4/32 = 0.2. Assuming a symmetric distribution, the range of BMIs that
would capture ~95% of fourteen-year-old adolescents in this population is best described by which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Mean BMI +/- 2*SD = 24.2 +/- 12.8 = (11.4, 37)
Mean BMI +/- 1*SD = 24.2 +/- 6.4 = (17.8, 30.6)
Mean BMI +/- 1*SE = 24.2 +/- 0.2 = (24.0, 24.4)
Mean BMI +/- 2*SE = 24.2 +/- 0.4 = (23.8, 24.6)

Explanation

Question 17 of 35

1

Epidemiology
The table from class that compares V02 max in males and females with different characteristics showed that for males, those with recent vigorous physical activity had a V02 max = 47.1 mL/kg/min and those without recent vigorous physical activity had a V02 max = 44.7, with a p-value < 0.001. The correct interpretation of this p-value would be which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Males with recent vigorous physical activity have a significantly higher V02 max than those who do not have recent vigorous physical activity.
The comparison of males with and without vigorous physical activity has such a small p-value that we can be certain that the V02 max values are
different.
Males with recent vigorous physical activity have a statistically significantly higher V02 max compared to those without recent vigorous physical
activity.
The probability that the null hypothesis is true is well below 0.05 allowing us to reject the null hypothesis.

Explanation

Question 18 of 35

1

Galactosemia
A 5-month old boy presents in your office with hypoglycemia after eating baby fruits such as strained plums. He has a history of
nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort and hypoglycemia after consuming fruit juice or baby fruits. The symptoms are
consistent with hereditary fructose intolerance or aldolase B deficiency. Why does this child with aldolase B deficiency develop low
blood glucose after consumption of fructose?

Select one of the following:

The accumulation of fructose in the blood stream induces insulin secretion from the pancreas leading to reactive hypoglycemia.
High fructose intake that cannot be converted to ATP because of aldolase B deficiency results in reliance on glucose as an energy substrate with
increased glucose uptake into tissue and oxidation to ATP leading to hypoglycemia.
Upon exposure to fructose there is an accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate that inhibits glycogen phosphorylase and thus reduces glucose
mobilization from glycogen. Rapid formation of fructose-1-phosphate by fructokinase sequesters inorganic phosphate, which impacts gluconeogenesis
an ATP dependent process.
Aldolase B deficiency impairs both fructose and glucose absorption in the intestine which contributes to the hypoglycemia as well as the vomiting
and abdominal discomfort after eating fructose observed with this child.

Explanation

Question 19 of 35

1

Galactosemia (Gillingham)
A 5-day-old female infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, jaundice and failure to thrive. She was 5 lb 2 oz. at birth with
apgar score of 9 and was discharged to home on DOL 2. Mom has been breastfeeding this infant but she has had increasing
symptoms of feeding intolerance and decreased intake. Upon exam, her lens has an oil drop appearance to them. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

Galactokinasedeficiency(GALK)
Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) deficiency
Uridyl diphosphate 4-epimerase (GALE) deficiency
Fructose 1,6, biphosphatase deficiency

Explanation

Question 20 of 35

1

Gastrulation
Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Select one of the following:

Segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm
Migration of primitive streak-derived cells into the hypoblast layer
Induction of the endocardial heart tubes
Induction of the nervous system

Explanation

Question 21 of 35

1

Glycolysis
For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Select one of the following:

4 ADP
2 inorganic phosphates
2 NADH
1 pyruvate

Explanation

Question 22 of 35

1

Glycolysis
The glycolysis pathway committing step enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is inhibited by:

Select one of the following:

AMP
ADP
ATP
F-2,6-BP

Explanation

Question 23 of 35

1

Histology
Which chemical compounds found in tissues are stained by the PAS (periodic acid Schiff) method?

Select one of the following:

Sphingolipids
Ceramides
Carbohydrates
Proteins

Explanation

Question 24 of 35

1

Imatinib
The fusion of the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene with the N-terminus of Abl kinase results in a BCR-Abl kinase fusion protein.
What change in the kinase caused by the fusion event keeps the enzyme constitutively active?

Select one of the following:

Decreased KM which allows enzyme to remain active at low substrate concentrations
Increased catalytic efficiency
Loss of a regulatory domain
Overproduction of the fusion protein

Explanation

Question 25 of 35

1

Imatinib (Gleevec) inhibits Abl tyrosine kinase activity by serving as a:

Select one of the following:

Competitive inhibitor of ATP
Competitive inhibitor of tyrosine
Non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme
Suicide inhibitor of the enzyme

Explanation

Question 26 of 35

1

Membranes
The lipid bilayer is formed spontaneously because:

Select one of the following:

In biological membranes there is a specific ratio of phospholipids and cholesterol.
Lipids with two fatty acyl chains of lipids are too bulky to fit into the interior of a micelle
The presence of protein in biological membranes facilitates bilayer formation.
The acyl chains of lipids are shorter than the acyl chains of detergents.

Explanation

Question 27 of 35

1

Misfolding
Amyloid formation, the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, is dictated by which of the following ?

Select one of the following:

Side chain interactions
Main chain interactions
Hydrophobic interactions
pi-pi interactions

Explanation

Question 28 of 35

1

Misfolding
After exposure to stress such as excessive heat, chaperone proteins function by:

Select one of the following:

Providing a protective environment in which proteins can fold properly
Degrading proteins that have folded improperly
Providing a template for how the protein should fold
Rescuing proteins that folded incorrectly and allowing them to re-fold into a proper configuration

Explanation

Question 29 of 35

1

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and stimulates which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Dephosphorylation of phosphofructokinase-2/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase-2 (PFK-2/FBP-2)
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate synthesis
Gluconeogenesis
Insulin Synthesis

Explanation

Question 30 of 35

1

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis (Farrell)
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the pentose phosphate pathway results in which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Increased production of glutathione
Increased susceptibility to malaria
A compulsive need to eat fava beans
Hemolytic anemia

Explanation

Question 31 of 35

1

PyrDH/TCA
Which of the following pathways occurs entirely within the mitochondria?

Select one of the following:

Glycolysis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Gluconeogenesis
TCA Cycle

Explanation

Question 32 of 35

1

PyrDH/TCA (Farrell)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by which of the following?

Select one of the following:

A high ADP/ATP ratio
A high acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio
A high NAD+/NADH ratio
High levels of thiamine

Explanation

Question 33 of 35

1

Translation
Please use the attached image to answer the following: After translation initiation, during ongoing protein synthesis, tRNAs carrying an amino acid first bind to the ribosome at which of the sites shown below?

Select one of the following:

A site
P site
E Site
Any site that is available

Explanation

Question 34 of 35

1

Translation (Mayinger)
During translation, the peptidyl transferase catalyzes which one of the following reactions?

Select one of the following:

Transfer of a phosphate group
Amino acid activation
Peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids
Binding of ribosome subunits to mRNA

Explanation

Question 35 of 35

1

Epidemiology
The Iowa Women's Health cohort study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk (incidence) of different
histological types of lung cancer. For adenocarcinoma, it estimated the annual incidence to be 46/100,000 in light smokers (1-
19/day) with (95% CI: 31, 61). The correct interpretation for this Confidence Interval would be:

Select one of the following:

We're 95% confident that the true annual Incidence in these women is between 31/100,000 and 61/100,000 per-year).
We're 95% confident that the observed annual Incidence is between 31/100,000 and 61/100,000.
The probability is 0.95 (95%) that the true annual Incidence in this population is between 31/100,000 and 61/100,000.
Because this CI does not include the null value or 1.0, this finding is statistically significant.

	Created by Madi Egan about 8 years ago

Quiz on W2 Questions, created by Madi Egan on 11/10/2018.

W2 Questions

Question 1 of 35

Biochemistry Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 35

Biochemistry What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 35

When should you wash your hands rather than use hand sanitizer?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 35

What is the auscultatory gap?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 35

Sickle Cell Workshop What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 35

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 35

Embryology: gastrulation Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 35

Intro to Histology Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 35

Intro to Histology Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 35

Intro to Histology Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 35

Biochemistry What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 35

Enzymes A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 35

Enzymes What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 35

Enzymes Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 35

Enzymes Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 35

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 35

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 35

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 35

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 35

Gastrulation Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 21 of 35

Glycolysis For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Biochemistry
Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Biochemistry
What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Sickle Cell Workshop
What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Embryology: gastrulation
Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior
surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Intro to Histology
Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Biochemistry
What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Enzymes
A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Enzymes
What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Enzymes
Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific
amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Enzymes
Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Gastrulation
Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Glycolysis
For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Glycolysis
The glycolysis pathway committing step enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is inhibited by:

Histology
Which chemical compounds found in tissues are stained by the PAS (periodic acid Schiff) method?

Imatinib
The fusion of the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene with the N-terminus of Abl kinase results in a BCR-Abl kinase fusion protein.
What change in the kinase caused by the fusion event keeps the enzyme constitutively active?

Membranes
The lipid bilayer is formed spontaneously because:

Misfolding
Amyloid formation, the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, is dictated by which of the following ?

Misfolding
After exposure to stress such as excessive heat, chaperone proteins function by:

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and stimulates which of the following?

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis (Farrell)
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the pentose phosphate pathway results in which of the following?

PyrDH/TCA
Which of the following pathways occurs entirely within the mitochondria?

PyrDH/TCA (Farrell)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by which of the following?

Translation
Please use the attached image to answer the following: After translation initiation, during ongoing protein synthesis, tRNAs carrying an amino acid first bind to the ribosome at which of the sites shown below?

Translation (Mayinger)
During translation, the peptidyl transferase catalyzes which one of the following reactions?