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Research exam 3

Question 1 of 66

1

Which of the following is not required for an experimental study?

Select one of the following:

  • Random sampling

  • Control group

  • Repeated measures

  • Control of the intervention

Explanation

Question 2 of 66

1

The purpose of control in a study design is to

Select one of the following:

  • Establish the credibility of the researcher

  • Highlight design flaws

  • Increase the probability that the results are true to reality

  • Interfere with the validity of the findings

Explanation

Question 3 of 66

1

In evaluating a correlations design as sound, one would look for all but which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Large sample

  • Low response rate of subjects

  • Sample representing all elements of the population

  • Wide range of values on each measure

Explanation

Question 4 of 66

1

Grades on a multiple choice final exam are an example of which level of measurement?

Select one of the following:

  • Ordinal

  • Interval

  • Nominal

  • Ratio

Explanation

Question 5 of 66

1

Which of the following is an example of random measurement error?

Select one of the following:

  • Actual measures smaller than True measure

  • Including elements of hope in a measure of self concept

  • Measuring blood sugar immediately after breakfast

  • Punching the wrong key when entering data into the computer

Explanation

Question 6 of 66

1

Reliability is concerned with all but which of the following in relation to measurement?

Select one of the following:

  • Accuracy

  • Consistency of measurement

  • Homogeneity

  • Systematic error

Explanation

Question 7 of 66

1

What is the difference between the simple quasi-experimental protest-posttest design and experimental pretest-posttest design?

Select one of the following:

  • More groups are used in the experimental design.

  • Subjects are blind to group assignment in the experimental design.

  • There is no direct way to measure change in the quasi-experimental group.

  • In the experimental design, subjects are blinded to their protest scores.

Explanation

Question 8 of 66

1

A type l error occurs when the researcher rejects a null hypothesis when it’s true

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 66

1

Type ll error occurs when the researcher regards the null hypothesis as true but it is false

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 66

1

The result indicate that there is a significant difference, when in reality there is not

Select one of the following:

  • Type l

  • Type ll

Explanation

Question 11 of 66

1

The results indicate there is no significant difference, when in reality there is a difference

Select one of the following:

  • Type l

  • Type ll

Explanation

Question 12 of 66

1

Research utilization involves:

Select one of the following:

  • Communication of research findings.

  • Observing outcomes from changing practice.

  • Use of knowledge in practice

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 66

1

Which of the following has not been identified as a barrier to using research knowledge in nursing practice?

Select one of the following:

  • Findings are communicated primarily to other researchers

  • Nursing studies have adequate replication

  • Practitioners often do not value research

  • Researcher originated studies often do not solve pressing clinical problems

Explanation

Question 14 of 66

1

Development of evidence based practice guidelines is a major focus of the

Select one of the following:

  • Agency of healthcare research and quality

  • Agency for nursing innovation

  • Best practices forum for healthcare providers

  • International clearinghouse for research findings

Explanation

Question 15 of 66

1

A critical appraisal should be a

Select one of the following:

  • Analysis of a study’s internal validity problems

  • Balanced appraisal of a study’s strengths and weaknesses

  • Criticism of researchers faulty decisions

  • Inventory of problems in the study

Explanation

Question 16 of 66

1

When critiquing qualitative research, it is important to

Select one of the following:

  • Analyze the researcher adherence to qualitative standards or investigation

  • Avoid comparison of the study with other published studies to prevent bias

  • Emphasize study strengths over weaknesses

  • Use the same approach for both qualitative and quantitative study critiques

Explanation

Question 17 of 66

1

A researcher is intellectually critiquing the publisher study of another researcher. Which of the following questions is not an appropriate question to ask when examining the study?

Select one of the following:

  • Can the study be replicated by other researchers?

  • Did the researchers use sound methodology?

  • Was the research problem significant?

  • What preparation did the researcher have to conduct the study?

Explanation

Question 18 of 66

1

Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and provides a measure of the average deviation of a value from the mean.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 66

1

A two tailed test of significance results when the hypothesis is non directional

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 66

1

A type ll error occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is not true

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 66

1

The range is obtained by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 66

1

Mode is average obtained when all numbers are added and divided by the number of variables or numbers

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 66

1

Inferential statistics are designed to address objectives, questions and hypothesis in a study

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 66

1

Generalization is the application of information that has been acquired from a specific instance to a general situation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 66

1

The median is the midpoint or score at the exact center of the ungrouped frequency

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 66

1

Measures of central tendency are the end points in the data and represents the average data

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 66

1

Statistical techniques are used to examine, reduce and give meaning to numerical data gathered by a researcher in a study.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 66

1

The mean is the numerical value or score that occurs with greatest frequency

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 66

1

Measures of dispersion reflect individual differences

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 66

1

Outliers are those who chose not to participate in a research study because at risks out weighs the benefits

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 66

1

Limitations are restrictions or problem in a study that decrease the generalizability of the findings

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 66

1

Power is when the researcher manipulates and controls all of the independent variables

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 66

1

Another name for descriptive analysis :

Select one of the following:

  • Summary

  • Mean

  • Mode

  • Median

Explanation

Question 34 of 66

1

What would bimodel look like?

Select one of the following:

  • One curve

  • Two curve

  • Three curve

  • Four curve

Explanation

Question 35 of 66

1

What is the mode?

Select one of the following:

  • Least frequent variable/number

  • Most frequent variable/number

  • The middle number

Explanation

Question 36 of 66

1

Scatterplot is one measure of dispersion

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 66

1

All data will make it on normal curve

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 66

1

What symbol used to indicate level type l error

Select one of the following:

  • Power

  • Population

  • alpha

  • Mega

Explanation

Question 39 of 66

1

If you have 0.01 alpha value, what does it mean?

Select one of the following:

  • Mean there is 1 in 1000% chance of error

  • Means there is 1 in 100% chance of error

  • 1 in 10% chance of error

  • 1 in 5% chance of error

Explanation

Question 40 of 66

1

What are the 6 steps in data analysis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Prepare data for analysis

  • Describe the sample

  • Test reliability of measurement methods

  • Conduct exploratory analysis

  • Conduct confirmatory analysis guided by hypothesis

  • Question or objectives

  • Conduct posthoc analysis

  • Reject questions or objectives

Explanation

Question 41 of 66

1

Define the mean

Select one of the following:

  • The sum of all scores multiples by the number of scores being summed

  • The sum of scores subtracted by the number of scores being summed

  • The sum of the scores divided by the number of scores being summed

Explanation

Question 42 of 66

1

What is the mode? 5 2 5 1 3 5 3 4

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 2

  • 5

  • 4

Explanation

Question 43 of 66

1

Determine the median- 1 4 7 10 11

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 7

  • 10

  • 11

Explanation

Question 44 of 66

1

What is the mean? 2 4 6 8 10

Select one of the following:

  • 10

  • 4

  • 3

  • 6

Explanation

Question 45 of 66

1

What is the most common used measure tenderness

Select one of the following:

  • Mean

  • Mode

  • Median

  • Range

Explanation

Question 46 of 66

1

List at least 1 measure of dispersion (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Range

  • Scatterplot

  • Standard deviation

  • Variance

  • Standardized scores

Explanation

Question 47 of 66

1

How do you calculate the standard deviation?

Select one of the following:

  • Mode

  • Range

  • Median

  • Square root of the variance

Explanation

Question 48 of 66

1

An inference is a conclusion or judgment based on evidence

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 49 of 66

1

Algorithms is self-contained step by step set of operations to be performed

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 66

1

Empirical generalization is based on accumulated evidence from many studies

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 51 of 66

1

When using a power analysis to determine an error, what is the minimum score to detect and error?

Select one of the following:

  • 0.1 minimum

  • 0.6 minimum

  • 0.8 minimum

  • 1 minimum

Explanation

Question 52 of 66

1

Define probability and what symbol is used to represent probability?

Select one of the following:

  • Probability theory is used to explain the extent of a relationship, the probability that an event will occur in a given situation. Deductive (Top-down) and expressed as a lower case p. Probability is usually expected to be p<0.05

  • Probability explains no relationship

  • Probability is a capital P

  • Unknown answer is given.

Explanation

Question 53 of 66

1

What does tailedness imply?

Select one of the following:

  • Lower scores are given

  • An extreme score can occur in either tail of the normal curve. The data stems toward one end of the spectrum. In a one-tailed test, the hypothesis is directional and vice versa in a two tailed test.

  • No answer implies

Explanation

Question 54 of 66

1

A causality is a cause and effect relationship between the variables

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 55 of 66

1

Independent variable (X) causes Y (a change in the dependent variable)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 56 of 66

1

A multicausality has multiple independent variables causing a change in the dependent variable

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 57 of 66

1

There is a cause and effect relationship between interrelating variables

Select one of the following:

  • Causality

  • Multicausality

  • Bias

  • Control

Explanation

Question 58 of 66

1

Slanting of findings away from the truth

Select one of the following:

  • Bias

  • Control

  • Causality

  • Multicausality

Explanation

Question 59 of 66

1

Research designs should reduce likelihood of bias and control for it

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 60 of 66

1

Manipulation is done only in quasi-experimental and experimental designs

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 61 of 66

1

Implementation of a treatment/intervention & independent variables are controlled

Select one of the following:

  • Bias

  • Control

  • Manipulation

  • Causality

Explanation

Question 62 of 66

1

Example of direct measure includes

Select one of the following:

  • Pain

  • Depression

  • Coping

  • Oxygen

Explanation

Question 63 of 66

1

Example of indirect measure includes

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen

  • O2 saturation

  • Depression

  • Temperature

Explanation

Question 64 of 66

1

It is the extent to which an instrument reflects the concept being examined

Select one of the following:

  • Reliability

  • Validity

Explanation

Question 65 of 66

1

Systematic review is a narrowly focused synthesis of research findings from quantitative studies

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 66 of 66

1

Multiple primary qualitative studies to produce a narrative about a selected phenomenon

Select one of the following:

  • Meta-analysis

  • Meta-summaries

  • Systematic review

Explanation

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