NMAT - Biology

Question 1 of 50

1

An erythrocyte is placed in a beaker with a hypertonic solution. What do you think will happen to the cell after several minutes?

Select one of the following:

It will crenate.
It will plasmolyze.
It will become turgid.
It will become flaccid.

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

For a few women, normal pregnancy is not possible because of some anatomical and physiological abnormalities. Nowadays, the practice of in vitro fertilization is widely used. This involves the extraction of the secondary oocyte from a woman. The oocyte is then placed in a petri dish. The fertilization and early development occur in vitro (in glass). Arrange the following statements to complete the process of in vitro fertilization.

I. It is necessary for the woman to lie down for several hours.
II. The embryo is then transferred into the uterus of the female.
III. The embryo will be removed from the petri dish.
IV. A sperm cell is introduced in the petri dish for germination.

Select one of the following:

IV - I - III - II
IV - II - III - I
IV - I - II - III
IV - III - II - I

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Select one of the following:

as transport vesicles
cell-to-cell communication
cell-to-cell recognition site
attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cells, are divided into two types: B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. What is the role of B-lymphocytes?

Select one of the following:

chemical defense
non-specific defense
humoral immune response
cell-mediated immune response

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Mutation is the alteration of the form of a particular gene or chromosome that results in new trait to be inherited. Mutations can occur in chromosome structure or chromosome number. Several types of gene mutations may occur, such as insertion and deletion. Here are examples of changes applied in a sentence:

Insertion of "I"
THE CAT AND DOG RUN
THE CAI AND DOG RUN

Deletion of "E"
THE CAT AND DOG RUN
TH CAT AND DOG RUN

From the given examples, we can classify these mutations as

Select one of the following:

point mutations
frameshift mutations
carcinogenic mutations
none of the above choices

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Population density is described as population size per unit area/volume. In population density, two kinds of factors are being considered: dependent and independent factors. Which of the following is NOT a density independent factor?

Select one of the following:

diseases
forest fires
hurricane
climate change

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

Living organisms have the ability to maintain a stable internal environment and transform from an immature to a mature functional form. These attributes are _____________________.

Select one of the following:

adaptation and growth, respectively
homeostasis and growth, respectively
adaptation and development, respectively
homeostasis and development, respectively

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Which of the following derivative meristems develops into vascular tissue?

Select one of the following:

protoderm
procambium
cork cambium
ground meristem

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

Based on the taxonomic classification of organisms, which of the following pairs of organisms is MOSTLY related?

Select one of the following:

turtle and snake
shark and milkfish
yeast and mushroom
water mold and bread mold

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

Vitiligo is a disorder in which melanocytes (cells that produce melanin pigment) are unable to function. As a result, white patches appear on the skin. Albinism is a chromosomal mutation that may result in the cessation of melanin production or a considerable decline in the amount of melanin.

A man who is an intermediate albino (Aa) with vitiligo (Bb) marries a woman who is an albino (aa) but has normal skin (bb). What percent of their offspring is considered as purebred?

Select one of the following:

25%
50%
75%
100%

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

Because of the differences in the surface of blood cells that act as antigens, human blood is classified into four different blood types, namely A, B, AB, and O. Blood type AB is also known as the "universal recipient" because _____________________.

Select one of the following:

it has antibody against A and B
it has no antibody against A and B
it has antigen A and antibody against B
it has antigen B and antibody against A

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

Which of the following Kingdoms of life has genetic material that is exposed to its cytoplasm?

Select one of the following:

Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

Developmental biology deals with the study of the development of animals. It also deals with the processes involved in the transformation of fertilized egg to a more complex individual. Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of the development of a simple cell to a more complex organism?

Select one of the following:

fertilization - gametogenesis - gastrulation - cleavage - organogenesis - growth and histological differentiation
gametogenesis - fertilization - cleavage - gastrulation - growth and histological differentiation - organogenesis
fertilization - gametogenesis - cleavage - gastrulation - growth and histological differentiation - organogenesis
gametogenesis - fertilization - cleavage - gastrulation - organogenesis - growth and histological differentiation

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

Biome is defined as an ecological community dominated with distinctive plants and animals. Which of the following types of biomes has the greatest number and diverse kinds of species?

Select one of the following:

taiga
estuary
savannah
tropical rainforest

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

The life cycle of plants includes the alternation of generation, also known as diplohaplontic life cycle. All of the following have a dominant diploid sporophyte EXCEPT ___________________________.

Select one of the following:

ferns
mosses
pine trees
common weeds

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

A diploid cell has 28 chromosomes. When meiosis occurs, how many chromosomes are there during Prophase I?

Select one of the following:

14 chromosomes
28 chromosomes
56 chromosomes
84 chromosomes

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

In order to maintain the beating of the heart, the pacemaker located at the heart's right atrium transfers impulses through the two atria, causing atrial systole and eventually, ventricular systole. Which of the following is the "pacemaker" of the heart?

Select one of the following:

bundle of His
sinoatrial node
coronary artery
atrioventricular node

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

Which of the following is closest to the enter of a woody eudicot stem?

Select one of the following:

primary xylem
primary phloem
secondary xylem
secondary phloem

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

The dwarf water buffalo and the maple tree have eukaryotic type of cells. Which of the following organelles is present in the cells of the dwarf water buffalo but absent in the cells of the maple tree?

Select one of the following:

nucleus
centriole
cell wall
cell membrane

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Which of the following apples will ripen the fastest?

Select one of the following:

an apple often flushed with carbon dioxide
an apple with an ethylene-releasing banana enclosed in a bag
an apple with a beaker of an ethylene-releasing chemical in a plastic bag
Choices b and c

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

Organogenesis is the process involved in the formation of organs. Along with this process, the cells choose to become a particular type of cell that will function for a specific organ. This process is called differentiation. Which of the following statements are TRUE about a differentiated cell?

I. A differentiated cell utilizes a particular set of proteins to perform its function.
II. Cells that are differentiated assume a specific shape to function effectively to the tissue it belongs.
III. When the cell differentiates, it deactivates for some time to regenerate the energy and materials spent during differentiation.
IV. Muscle cells, nerve cells, and red blood cells are examples of differentiated cells.

Select one of the following:

I and II
I, II, and III
I, II, and IV
All of the choices

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

The DNA sequence below shows the segment of the gene for human hemoglobin starting with amino acid residue 24.

Normal: 5' AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC CCT GGC CAG GCT 3'

Which of the following amino acid sequences will change the proline at position 29 to valine, making the sequence mutant?

Use the following amino acid sequence:
Valine - GTT, GTC Arginine - AGA, AGG
Alanine - GCT, GCC Proline - CCT, CGA

Select one of the following:

3' AGT TGG TGG GTT GGC CCT GGC CAG GCT 5'
5' AGT TGG GTC TGA GGC CCT GGC CAG GCT 3'
3' AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC GTC GGC CAG GCT 5'
5' AGT TGG TGG TGA GGC GTC GGC CAG GCT 3'

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

Specialized cells that no longer divide are generally locked in which stage of the cell cycle?

Select one of the following:

G1 phase
G2 phase
G0 phase
S phase

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

The naming of organisms follows the Linnaeus binomial system. Which of the following is the CORRECT way of writing the scientific name of tomatoes?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

In the process of biological magnification, toxins that are harmful become more concentrated in the successive trophic levels of a food web. The pesticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenols (PCBs) are well-known examples of this. Which of the following organisms will receive the MOST concentration of these harmful substances in their body system?

Select one of the following:

snakes
small fishes
zooplanktons
fish-eating birds

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Incomplete dominance is characterized by a cross between a homozygous dominant and recessive genes that will result in an intermediate trait. Assume the following sets of genes in a human being:

B - black-colored pupil HH - straight hair
bb - blue-colored pupil Hh - wavy hair
hh - curly hair

A husband and wife, BBHH x bbHh, wants to know the probability of having a child with blue-colored pupil wavy hair. What will you tell them?

Select one of the following:

These is a 25% chance that the offspring will have blue-colored pupils and wavy hair.
There is a 50% chance that the offspring will have blue-colored pupils and wavy hair.
There is no chance that the offspring will have blue-colored pupils and wavy hair.
Impossible to determine

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

Which of the following substances will easily cross the cell membrane?

Select one of the following:

starch
sodium ion
chloride ion
carbon dioxide

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

Progesterone is a substance that prepares the endometrium in the uterus for implantation of fertilized egg. Where is this substance secreted?

Select one of the following:

infundibulum
corpus luteum
Graafian follicle
seminiferous tubule

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

Biologist Charles Darwin emphasized that evolution can best be explained as a consequence of natural selection. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes Darwin's "Natural Selection"?

Select one of the following:

Chance events results in a change of allele frequencies.
As the conditions of nature change, individuals that are fittest and most adaptable will survive and evolve.
Populations exchange members to converge toward one another.
As the organism continues to use a certain part of its body, it enlarges or elongates.

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

Which of the following is NOT achieved by the cell after cleavage?

Select one of the following:

formation of blastula
increase in cell number
development of the neutral crest
increase in the amount of genetic material

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

One of the processes that enables cells to harvest the energy stored in food is cellular respiration. Which of the following is FALSE?

Select one of the following:

It is a catabolic pathway.
It is an anabolic pathway.
It is an oxidation-reduction process.
It occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

A unicellular organism undergoes ________________ when its cell divides.

Select one of the following:

growth
development
reproduction
all of the choices

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Turner syndrome is a disorder caused by missing or incomplete X chromosomes (XO). As a result, the individual shows the external physical appearance of a female. However, along with it are certain characteristics. Which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom of a person with Turner syndrome?

Select one of the following:

very pale skin
a mousy odor to the urine
swelling of the hands and feet
secondary sex characteristics do not develop

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

The energy pyramid shows the decreasing pattern of energy from producers to consumers and from one trophic level to another. Producers are placed at the base of the energy pyramid because __________________.

Select one of the following:

they are used up at a faster rate
they have the most amount of energy available
they can be found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
they have pigments available in producing their own food

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

If the patient is suffering from retention of too much urine, there might be a problem regarding the secretion of what hormone?

Select one of the following:

oxytocin
growth hormone
antidiuretic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

The structure of DNA can be described as a double strand twisted with one another to form a spiral staircase. One chain of DNA strand contains 16% A, 24% C, 32% T, and 28% G. What will be the composition of the complementary chain?

Select one of the following:

32% T, 12% G, 16% A, and 56% C
32% A, 12% C, 16% T, and 56% C
16% A, 24% C, 32% T, and 28% C
16% T, 24% G, 32% A, and 28% C

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

The eggs of animals are delicate. Therefore, they must be enclosed in a defensive coat. Because of this need, some vertebrates developed extraembryonic membranes. The extraembryonic membranes are yolk sac, chorion, allantois, and amnion. The amnion contains amniotic fluid. What could be the possible purpose of amniotic fluid?

Select one of the following:

deliver nourishment for the embryo
carry nitrogenous wastes away from the embryo
supply blood to the blood vessels of the embryo
serves as a cushion sac around the embryo against physical trauma

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

Which of the following describes the muscles in the blood vessels?

Select one of the following:

striated
elongated
multinucleated
nucleus located at the center of the cell

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

In Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda consists of animals characterized by jointed legs. It has five classes, namely: Insecta, Crustacea, Arachnida, Chilopoda, and Diplopoda. Crustaceans are arthropods having two pairs of antennae and various pairs of legs. Which of the following animals below belongs to Class Crustacea?

Select one of the following:

crab
scorpion
centipede
grasshopper

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

Macronutrients are elements needed by plants in relatively large amount. All of the following are macronutrients EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

zinc
nitrogen
potassium
phosphorus

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Recombinant DNA is one of the successful application of genetics in our society and the reason behind the mass production of vaccines, hormones, etc. Insulin production is made possible because of recombinant DNA. The insulin gene from human DAN is cut with the use of restriction enzymes. The insulin gene is then combined in a plasmid (secondary DNA) and inserted into another cellular organism. What could be the organism?

Select one of the following:

Corona virus
Tobacco mosaic virus

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

Arrange the following events according to sequence during a primary ecological succession.

I. Spruce-Hemlock forest
II. A rubble left behind by a retreating glacier
III. Alders form dense stands
IV. Accumulation of mosses and lichens
V. Formation of dwarf willows

Select one of the following:

I, II, III, IV, and V
V, IV, III, II, and I
I, III, II, IV, and V
II, IV, V, III, and I

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

Based on the diagram below, which of the following conditions will NOT cause the short-day plant to flower?

Select one of the following:

1 only
1 and 3
1 and 6
1, 4, and 6

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

Oogenesis is the meiosis that occurs in the ovary of female organisms. If 5 oogonia are present, how many active egg cells are produced when 3 out of 5 oogonia undergo oogenesis?

Select one of the following:

3
5
6
10

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

In an autonomic nervous system, which of the following is an effect of parasympathetic division?

Select one of the following:

the trachea widens
the heart rate increases
the liver is stimulated to release glucose
the muscular contractions of stomach increase

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

The germinal layers, which include the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm, are rudiments from which the different organs of the body are derived. The outer germinal layer (ectoderm) gives rise to the skin epidermis and organs of the nervous system. The middle layer is the mesoderm, which is considered as the origin of the skeletal muscles and blood vascular system, while the innermost layer (endoderm) develops the digestive tracts and glands. Which of the following organs MOST likely originated from the middle layer?

Select one of the following:

cloaca
pancreas
hypophysis
vertebral column

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder in which blood fails to clot properly due to gene mutations. A person with hemophilia may experience easy bruising and sudden bleeding. The pedigree diagram below shows the inheritance of hemophilia.
What could be the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the parents?

Select one of the following:

XH Y (normal male) and XH Xh (female carrier)
Xh Y (hemophilic male) and XH XH (normal female)
Xh Y (hemophilic male) and Xh Xh (hemophilic female)
Xh Y (hemophilic male) and XH Xh (female carrier)

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

Bull's horn acacias have hollow thorns that house stinging ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants feed on sugar produced by nectarines on the tree, sting other insects, remove fungal spores, and clip surrounding vegetation that grow close to the foliage of the acacia tree. This illustrates what type of symbiotic relationship?

Select one of the following:

Predation
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

Uterine contractions force the baby out of the uterus during labor. What hormone is responsible during uterine contraction?

Select one of the following:

prolactin
oxytocin
luteinizing hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

Carefully examine the image. What structures are common from each animal during the period of development?

I. Tail
II. Gill pouches
III. Hind legs
IV. Forelimbs

Select one of the following:

I and II only
I, II, and III
I, III, and IV
all of the above

	Created by Ian Geron about 5 years ago

NMAT Reviewer 2018

NMAT - Biology

Question 1 of 50

An erythrocyte is placed in a beaker with a hypertonic solution. What do you think will happen to the cell after several minutes?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

Lymphocytes, a subclass of white blood cells, are divided into two types: B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. What is the role of B-lymphocytes?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

Population density is described as population size per unit area/volume. In population density, two kinds of factors are being considered: dependent and independent factors. Which of the following is NOT a density independent factor?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

Living organisms have the ability to maintain a stable internal environment and transform from an immature to a mature functional form. These attributes are _____________________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

Which of the following derivative meristems develops into vascular tissue?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

Based on the taxonomic classification of organisms, which of the following pairs of organisms is MOSTLY related?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

Because of the differences in the surface of blood cells that act as antigens, human blood is classified into four different blood types, namely A, B, AB, and O. Blood type AB is also known as the "universal recipient" because _____________________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

Which of the following Kingdoms of life has genetic material that is exposed to its cytoplasm?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

Developmental biology deals with the study of the development of animals. It also deals with the processes involved in the transformation of fertilized egg to a more complex individual. Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of the development of a simple cell to a more complex organism?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

Biome is defined as an ecological community dominated with distinctive plants and animals. Which of the following types of biomes has the greatest number and diverse kinds of species?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

The life cycle of plants includes the alternation of generation, also known as diplohaplontic life cycle. All of the following have a dominant diploid sporophyte EXCEPT ___________________________.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

A diploid cell has 28 chromosomes. When meiosis occurs, how many chromosomes are there during Prophase I?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

In order to maintain the beating of the heart, the pacemaker located at the heart's right atrium transfers impulses through the two atria, causing atrial systole and eventually, ventricular systole. Which of the following is the "pacemaker" of the heart?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

Which of the following is closest to the enter of a woody eudicot stem?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

The dwarf water buffalo and the maple tree have eukaryotic type of cells. Which of the following organelles is present in the cells of the dwarf water buffalo but absent in the cells of the maple tree?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

Which of the following apples will ripen the fastest?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 21 of 50