CELL BIOLOGY

What is the calculation for magnification?

Name one use of embryonic stem cells.

Outline the process of mitosis.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

What is cell size measured in (and what does one unit of it equate to in metres)?

Give one example of a specialised cell - and at least one way it is specialised/ adapted to fit its purpose.

How is DNA stored in bacterial cells?

What can adult stem cells form?

What substance is used to grow bacteria colonies for inspection or data collection?

Name one cell that uses active transport

Outline what's meant by osmosis

Describe active transport

ORGANISATION

Which subcellular structure converts oxygen and glucose into useful energy and other products?

What are two things that bacterial and plant cells have in common?

Give some properties of arteries

Put these in order from smallest to largest:
Organ system; Cell; Organism; Tissue; Organ

Give some properties of veins

What is meristem tissue/ cells?

Give some properties of capillaries.

Where on an enzyme does a substrate fit to be broken down?

What is transported in the xylem?

What is transported in the phloem?

Name 3 types of tissue in an animal

What is blood made of - and what 3 components are suspended within it?

INFECTION AND RESPONSE

What do antitoxins do?

What are the 4 causes of disease/ infection?

Describe the immune system's fighting of disease through the use of antibodies.

Describe phagocytosis

Name one disease that may affect a plant (bonus if you can name the type of infection).

BIOENERGETICS

Why do humans breathe heavily after exercise

Give the two equations for anaerobic respiration.

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

What is metabolism?

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Name at least 2 limiting factors of photosynthesis.

HOMEOSTASIS AND RESPONSE

On what day in the menstrual cycle is the egg released? What hormone stimulated this?

What does progesterone do and where is it produced?

Order the following for a reflex response:
motor neurone; stimulus; sensory neurone; relay neurone; receptor; effector cell

What separates two neurones?

What is the purpose of the iris?

What is the purpose of the retina?

Give the purpose of the sclera

What are the scientific terms for long and shot sightedness?

What does oestrogen do and where is it produced?

What does FSH do and where is it produced?

What is the purpose of the ciliary muscles?

What does the cerebellum do?

Give an example of something homeostasis controls.

What function does the medulla serve?

INHERITANCE, VARIATION AND EVOLUTION

Where are genes found?

Describe what is meant by a gene.

How many pairs of chromosomes does the average human body cell have in its nucleus?

What i the scientific term for a sex cell?

Name a disorder caused by 2 recessive alleles

How are dominant alleles represented?

Define meiosis

What are the 4 possible results (punnet square) of 2 parents whose gametes are aa and Aa?

What is one argument for and one argument against embryonic stem cell use?

Give some advantages and some disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

What is a change in DNA structure called?

Ecology

Name some biotic factors that act on an ecosystem

Name some abiotic factors that may affect an ecosystem

Name some adaptations an animal living in polar regions may undergo

Name 2 ways to measure distribution in an area

Describe the carbon cycle