Often find more than one lipidation in a protein (many are reversible)
Some lipid anchors are tucked into the protein itself or a chaperone to be freely soluble in cytosol

Looser types of lipid anchors:

Non-permanent binding to membrane, lipid is attached reversibly to protein
Examples of proteins: small/trimeric G-proteins, GPCR C-terminal domains, SNAREs
Examples of anchors:
- Palmitoyl group- palmitoylation of any cys in proteins, removed by palmitoyl thioesterase
- N-myristoyl group- permanent addition of myristol to alpha-amino group of N-terminal glycine but myristoyl is so short that it isn't hydrophobic enough to permanently stay in membrane
  - Farnesyl/geranylgeranyl- prenylation of cys of C-X-X-Y at C-termini (farnesylation if Y = A/M/S, geranylgeranyl if Y=L) XXY then excised and methylated, often to small G proteins
All anchors above are on cytosolic side of membrane
Typically found all over the cell (ER, Golgi, PM)

	Created by Chloe Cavarretta over 7 years ago

L7-9 Cell Biology

4. Membrane Structure and Function