The flat facets of the vertebra are covered with _____ cartilage and surrounded by a thin, loose _____.

Locate the following ligaments:
1. supraspinous and interspinous ligaments
2. ligamenta flava
3. posterior longitudinal ligament
4. anterior longitudinal ligament

Name the superficial layer of intrinsic spinal muscles.

Action of the splenius muscle

Which muscle group lie in the intermediate layer of intrinsic spinal muscles?

List the erector spinae, from lateral to medial.

Action of the erector spinea?

What is the intrinsic back muscles doing when you bend forward?

The deep layer of intrinsic back muscles consist of _______, _____ and ______. They are also called the ______.

Action of the transversospinal muscles.

Articulation between thoracic vertebrae and ribs include which two joints?

What is the rule of 3?

Which trunk muscles are in charge of inspiration?

Which peripheral nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Which peripheral nerve innervates the intercostals?

Segmentation of the phrenic nerve.

Segmentation of the intercostal nerve.

Muscle involved in forced expiration?

Which nerve innervates muscles of forced expiration?

Which muscles are in charge of spine extension?

Which muscles are in charge of spine flexion?

Muscles only in charge of lateral flexion?

Muscles in charge of spine rotation

The spinal plexii are formed by (ventral/dorsal) rami

Which vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate at?

Key subjective questions for the thoracic spine.

What effect does forward posture have at first and second ribs?

Total flexion ROM of the thoracic spine

Total extension ROM of the thoracic spine

Total sidebend ROM of the thoracic spine

Total rotation ROM of the thoracic spine

Review the rib springing test.

Review the thoracic springing test.

Which ribs are attached to the sternum?

What is the structure connecting the ribs and the sternum?