Created by Jaimie Shah
about 11 years ago
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Causes of Yellow urine color
Causes Green color Urine
Causes Milky white urine
Causes Blue Urine
Causes Black/brown urine
Causes orange urine color
Causes Port wine color urine
(deep purple)
Define Hematuria
(false +/- dipstick causes)
Suggests Glomerular Hematuria
Pseudo-Hematuria
(dipstick for heme)
pseudo-hematuria
(dipstick heme positive)
Define Pyruia
Causes of Sterile Pyruia
Define GFR
limitations to using Cre to estimate GFR
24 U CrCL
Microalbuminuria
(nl excrete 1g Cre/d)
Urinary proteins include
Dipstick detected proteinuria
Proteinuria risk factor for...
Orthostatic Proteinuria
Essential HTN
Essential HTN
When it is okay to start two meds in HTN?
BP goal with CRF, DM, CAD
BP goal in CRF and urine pro/cre>1mg/mg
patient with white coat HTN
lifestyle changes for HTN
white coat HTN
Nocturnal BP and non-dippers
Essential HTN workup
isolated Systolic HTN
resistant HTN
Resistant HTN
Secondary HTN
Causes of Secondary HTN
OSA related CV effects
OCP hypertension
Coarctation of Aorta
Pheochromocytoma (clinical manifestations)
Pheochromocytoma Associations
Pheochromocytoma (Clinical Pearls)
Other diseases Associated with Pheo
Phemochomocytoma (diagnosis)
Pheochromocytoma Treatment
Pheochromocyoma HTN emergency
Pheochromocytoma mimicking disease
HTN + Hypokalemia
primary hyperaldo causes
When to scree for Primary Hyperaldo?
Primary Hyperaldo Diagosis
Primary hyperaldo (clinical features)
Primary Hyperaldo (treatment)
Fibromuscular Dz
FMD features
FMD treatment
Gene defects of HTN
GC responsive Hyperaldo
Apparent MC excess
Apparent MC excess presentation and treatment
Progesterone induced HTN
Liddle Syndrome
liddle syndrome presentation
Liddle syndrome treatment
Gordon syndrome
gordon Syndrome tx
HTN emergency
HTN emergency tx
HTN emergency- Stroke
Cyanide Toxicity (nipride)
when to do a renal Bx?
Relative contraindications to renal Bx
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome causes
Nephrotic syndrome complications
Nephrotic syndrome Treatment
MCD under microscope
MCD associations
MCD tx
FSGS under scope
Primary FSGS
Five variants of FSGS
Treatment of FSGS
What type of FSGS commonly relapses after transplant?
what enzyme in FSGS indicates it is idopathic, causes foot process effacement, and predicts recurrence after transplant?
Causes of Secondary FSGS
Features of obesity induced FSGS
Risk factors for progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
How often do you check Micoalbuminuria after Dx of DM1 + 2
How do medications change as kidney disease progresses in DM
Prevention of DM nephropathy
Membranous Nephropathy is seen most in which population
What is seen under the Microscope with Membranous Nephropathy
Do you screen for malignancy in MN
MN associations
treatment of MN
Multiple Myeloma Cast Nephropathy
what light chain seen most with Multiple Myeloma cast nephropathy
other causes of Renal injury in patient with Multiple Myeloma
Clinical Dx of MM renal failure
tx of MM RF
Systemic Amyloid all have the following
Sources of Amyloid proteins
Presentation of primary Amyloidosis
Dx of amyloid
tx of amyloid
Describe Monoclonal IG depostion disease (LCDD and HCDD)
Bx in LCDD and HCDD
tx of HCDD and LCDD
basic points about Fibrillary GN
basic facts on Immunotactoid GN
HIV related Renal d/o
HIVAN clinical manifestations
tx of HIVAN
HAART related nephropathy
HIV and the kidney
Benign familial hematuria on Bx
Most common GN in the world
s/s of IgA nephropathy
renal Bx of IGA nephropathy
IgA nephropathy associations
poor prognostic factors of IgA nephropathy
tx IgA nephropathy
Henock Schonlein Purpura
tetrad of HSP
complication of HSP
RPGN clincally
RPGN on staining
Good pastures renal Bx and lab Dx
treatment good pastures's
anti GBM seen in what disease after transplant
Clinical picture of Wegner's
IF patterns that give ANCA's their names
tx of wegner's and Microscopic Polyangitis
If on a random test a patient is ANCA postive what do you do?
ANCA serology associations
define polyarteritis nodosa
clinical picture of Polyarteritis Nodosa
Dx polyarteritis nodosa
Tx PAN
Antiphospholipid AB clinically
Drug induced lupus key points
Churg strauss clinical picture
treatment Churg strauss
Basics Post infectious GN
Renal Bx of Postinfectious GN
Renal failure and low complement
Hep C glomerular lesions
Cryglobulinemia
Cryoglobulinemia clincally
Cryo tx
MPGN renal pathology
MPGN 2 acquired form
MPGN2 familial form
Hep B renal manifestations
Hep B treatment
Lead toxicity, what do you see?
tx lead toxicity
Cadmium toxicity buzz words
Arsenic posining buzz words
Mercury poisoning buzz words
Star fruit kidney injury
Ephedra affect on kidney
Blue Cohosh
Noni Juice
Licorice poisoning
St. John's wart
Grapefruit juice
Melamine
Causes of AIN
AIN presentation
AIN tx
tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome
TINU renal findings
Renal Manifestations of Sjogren's
Lithium nephrotoxicity (not acute, chronic cause)
Sarcoid renal involvement
Sarcoid renal presentation
AKI definition
ATN findings
Fe NA
what does Fe Na tell us
Fe Mg tells us what
Fe PO4 tells us what
Fe of Bicarb tells us what
ATN causes
Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity
Risk factors for Aminoglycoside nephrotoxiciy
Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity renal presentation
Ampho B nephrotoxic presentation
Ampho B nephrotoxicity prevention
Cisplatinum nephrotoxin clinical picture
Cisplatinum RF and Prevention
Cisplatinum nephrotox tx
foscarnet nephrotoxicity
Cidofovir nephrotoxicity
Pentamadine renal picture
Rabdo on labs
Rhabdo causes
Rabdo tx
Tumor Lysis syndromes
Clinical points on Tumor lysis syndrome
Tx of tumor lysis syndrome
NSAID renal effects
Define Hepatorenal syndrome
HRS pathogensis
Tx options of HRS
define abdominal compartment sydrome
another cause of sterile pyuria
Papillary Necrosis Causes
Sickle Cell disease renal manifestations
Sickle Cell nephropathy treatment points
Types of stones
Medication induced stones
Dx and Tx of Kidney stones
Indications for stone removal
Calcium Oxalate stone risk factors
Ca oxalate stones treatment
Ca oxalate stones
Uric Acid stone overview
Uric Acid stone Associations
Uric Acid stone treatment
uric acid stone
staghorn calculi causes
Staghorn calculi from stuvite crystal
Staghorn calculi tx
Cystine stones general
Cystine stones dx
Cystinuria treatment
SE of Penicillamine
Captopril SE
Cystinosis basics
Dx cystinosis
Tx of cystinosis
Dent's disease basics
How do you treat Dent's disease
Dx DI (C/N)
Changes in Pregnancy
DI treatments (C/N)
What do you give for SLE flare in preg
Hypokalemia causes based on spot U. K
How do you define preexiting HTN in pregnancy
Causes of Hypokalemia
Gestational hypertension
pseudohypokalemia define
Pre-eclampsia clinical diagnosis
Cause of cellular shifts in hypokalemia
pre-eclampsia risk factors
hypokalemic periodic paralysis define
Pre-eclampsia renal bx
Hypokalemia via renal loss causes
HELLP syndrome
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
pHUS and TTP
Antihypertensive medications safe in preg
TTP clinical pentad
TTP etiologies
TTP tx
Most solid renal mass
renal cysts that need interevention?
Tuberous sclerosis
VHL buzz words
Acquired renal cystic disease
alport's syndrome clinical presenation
renal bx of alport's
hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
contrast nephrotoxicity
contrast nephrotoxicity risk factors
Fabry's disease basics
Fabry's disease clinical manifestations
Fabry's disease renal manifestations
Fabry's disease Bx
Fabry's disease Dx
Fabry's disease Tx
nail patella syndrome
Causes of Nephromegaly
Hyponatremia workup
SIADH lab abnormalities
SIADH tx
cerebral salt wasting and hyponatremia
Hyponatremia due adrenal insuff
Exercise induced Hyponatremia
Ecstasy and Hyponatremia
Polyuria definition and causes
primary polydipsia causes
causes of central DI
Nephrogenic DI causes
Treatment of DI (C/N)
Hypokalemia cause based on U. K
Causes of Hypokalemia
Explain pseudohypokalemia
Hypokalemia- causes of cellular shifts
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis define
Causes of Renal loss of K
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Causes of pseudohyperkalemia
increased intake causing hyperkalemia
increased intake causing hyperkalemia
Cellular shifts causing hyperkalemia
Impaired renal excretion causing hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia tx
Hyperkalemia EKG progression
Anion gap normal and adjusted
Delta AG/delta HCO3: if you have an AG metabolic acidosis
Is the primary metabolic acidosis compensated for?
Is the primary metabolic alkalosis compensated for?
Is the respiratory Acidosis compensated for?
Is the respiratory alkalosis compensated for?
what should you always order if there is an acid base disturbance
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Urine electrolytes affected in Metabolic alkalosis
U Cl > 40meq/L tells causes of metabolic alkalosis
U Cl < 25meq/L tells causes of metabolic alkalosis
Bartter's syndrome Basics
Gitelman's syndrome Basics
Gitelman's syndrome Basics
Causes of elevated AG
Normal AG hyperchloremic MA
Normal AGMA: how to tell GI v Renal
RTA type 1 basics
RTA type 1 cause
Dx distal RTA type 1
Distal RTA clinically
Proximal RTA 2 basics
Causes of Proximal RTA type 2
Dx of type 2 proximal RTA
Type 4 RTA basics
Type 4 RTA basics
Type 4 RTA dx
Causes of type 4 RTA
Salicylate intoxication clinically
Tx of Salicylate intoxication
Methanol intoxication
Dx Methanol intox
tx methanol intoxication
Ethylene glycol intox basics
Dx ethylene glycol intoxication
tx ethylene glycol intoxication
Isopropyl alcohol overdose
propylene glycol tox basics
Diethylene glycol toxicity buzz words
Valproic acid toxicity clinically
Metformin toxicity
Causes of elevated osmo gap
Causes of Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia S/S
Hypercalcemia work up
Hypercalcemia tx
Causes of hypophosphatemia
hyphosphatemia work up
Causes of hyperphosphatemia
renal osteodystrophy- osteitis fibrosa cystica
renal osteodystrophy- adynamic bone disease
Renal osteodystrophy- osteomalacia
Hypomagnesemia diagnostic approach
Hypomagnesemia S/S
Hypomagnesemia causes
Hypomagnesemia renal losses
Causes of hypermagnesemia
Hyper mag s/s
tx hypermagnesemia
Peritonitis in PD patient
Peritonitis in PD patient bugs and tx
PD exit site infection bugs
PD general points
PD more general points
Bladder Ca types and risk factors
Complications of CKD