Unit 3 Quiz Plant Bio

Stem system

❌: contain potential to develop into a branch and are controlled by terminal bud
❌: where leaves attach to a stem & axillary buds develop
❌: where new shoot system cells are produced, allowing plant to grow upwards
❌: stem areas that elongate to spread leaves apart & optimize exposure to sunlight

Leaves
Leaf cells are rich in light-harvesting ❌ pigment
Composed of a flat, thin ❌ responsible for capturing sunlight that are webbed with ❌ that act as internal plumbing
Covered in waxy ❌ to prevent drying
Have pores called ❌ on surface responsible for capturing CO2 and releasing oxygen
Leaf blades are often attached to main stem via a thin, sturdy ❌ responsible for holding blade upright

Leaf form
There are two forms of ❌ leaves differentiated by the way the leaf ❌ (also called lamina or the widest portion of the leaf) is divided
❌: undivided blades
❌: blades fully divide into leaflets separated along one or more veins
❌ are the third form that differ from broad leaf types

Leaf ❌: provide transportation of water & nutrients
Leaf ❌: makes it easier for wind to carry away heat and water vapor
Leaf ❌: help with temperature regulation, water loss, or light absorption

Leaf venation
❌ venation (all veins running in the same direction) is usually found in ❌
❌ venation (veins forming a net-like webbing) is usually found in ❌
❌ - single midrib and secondary veins branching off at intervals
❌ - primary veins radiate from a single point near base

Leaf margins
❌ - smooth, complete edge
❌ - indentation of the edge towards the midrib
❌ - saw-like edge with small teeth

Leaf shape
❌ leaves help with temperature regulation, good for ❌ conditions
❌ leaves help prevent water loss, good for ❌ conditions
❌ leaves harvest lots of light, good for ❌ conditions

Leaves that receive lots of sunlight tend to be ❌ with ❌ edges
Leaves in more shaded environments are usually ❌ with ❌ edges

❌: uptake of water/nutrients, anchorage, ❌
❌: support plant, ❌
❌: photosynthesis, ❌

Roots absorb water at tips through ❌
❌ are where new root cells are produced so roots can grow downward
❌ roots provide stability, storage, ❌, exhibit branching
❌ roots are responsible for water and nutrient ❌ due to highly permeable membranes

Root systems
❌ roots - where the primary root is replaced by a mass of roots developing from stem base & helps with water and mineral absorption and stabilization
❌ roots - develop from shoot system, ❌, increase stability and allow plant to reproduce asexually
❌ roots - single, stout, primary root growing from stem base with thinner lateral roots growing from it, is best for ❌ & accessing ❌

Root architecture
In well-drained uplands, roots ❌
In waterlogged lowlands, roots ❌

Root modifications
Storage
❌ are adventitious or tap roots with increased storage capacity that can protect from cold damage
Aeration
❌ are air-breathing roots that grow vertically upwards from submerged roots typically found in swampy areas
Support
❌ are huge, wedge-shaped portions of roots that give support in soft, wet soil
❌ serve are adventitious roots that arise some distance up the stem growing downward to ground and offer support
❌ are spongy adventitious roots with large air pockets that help keep a plant buoyant in aquatic environment
❌ are adventitious roots that emerge from the stem in contact with a supportive surface
Absorption
❌ are hanging aerial roots covered by a thin greyish layer of tissue known as velamen that can absorb moisture from air
❌ are used to penetrate tissue of their host plant and absorb food and moisture
❌ are small structures forming along roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteri

Storage

❌ are swollen, underground stems with small depressions called eyes where a node with one or more buds occurs
❌ is a non-green, horizontal stem growing at or below soil surface
❌ are condensed forms of rhizomes growing in vertical direction
❌ are short, disc like stems with thick scale leaves surrounding terminal bud on top side and a cluster of adventitious shoots arising from bottom
❌ are thickened green stems swollen with water-storing tissue

Protection

❌ are modified short branches grown from axillary buds
❌ are not a full stem modification but come from the epidermal tissue of the internode

Support 

❌ are stems of vines and are modified to be thin and flexible
❌ are short branches that are modified into thread (spiral)-like, leafless structures that are meant for climbing

Reproduction

❌ are creeping stems with long internodes that run horizontally above soil surface
❌ are modified vegetative flowers or buds with stored food that help a plant reproduce asexually

Storage

❌ are thick leaves that provide ample water storage during drought

Protection

❌ are modified leaves or parts of leaves that have become woody, sharp, non-photosynthetic
❌ are projections of epidermis and can vary in shape and how thickly they cover leaf surface

Support

❌ look similar to stem tendrils and serve the same function, they next to distinct nodes and won't have any small scale-like leaves next to them
❌ provide buoyancy for aquatic plants via large air-filled cavities occurring in leaf or in petiole

Reproduction

❌ are brightly colored leaves occurring next to small, nondescript flowers that play the role of petals in attracting pollinators
❌ have ability to form tiny plant clones at edges of their leaves from adventitious buds similar to bulbils

Nutrient acquisition

❌ are modified to form a trap that catches insects or small animals and then digests them using special enzymes
❌ are rosettes of smooth textured leaves that collect water in their center

Root modifications ❌
Stem modifications ❌
Leaf modifications ❌