Juliet Marshall
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A level Psychology Quiz on Psychology - Social Area + Core Studies - OCR , created by Juliet Marshall on 24/09/2019.

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Juliet Marshall
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Psychology - Social Area + Core Studies - OCR

Question 1 of 37

1

What are the two key assumptions for the social area?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Social psychologists state behaviour is influenced by the actual, implied or imagined presence of others.

  • Social psychologists assumes that the differences between people, and not just the factors that people share in common, have an important influence on our behaviour

  • Behaviour occurs in a social context - situational factors influence our behaviour rather than personality.

  • Our behaviour and feelings as adults are rooted in our childhood experiences

Explanation

Question 2 of 37

1

What was the motive behind Milgram's study?

Select one of the following:

  • To understand why students obey orders off teachers

  • To understand if Nazis were fundamentally different to normal people

  • To understand if an experiment is conducted in a prestigious setting, such as a university, that the likelihood of obeying an authority figure will increase.

Explanation

Question 3 of 37

1

What was the aim of Milgrams study?

Select one of the following:

  • To investigate what level of obedience would be shown when participants were told by a figure of authority to administer electric shocks to another person.

  • To see whether a prestigious setting alters the participants obey rate when testing and then punishing another person by electric shocks and then isolation

  • To determine if an authority figure can persuade the participants to attempt to kill another person

Explanation

Question 4 of 37

1

How many participants were there in Milgrams study?

Select one of the following:

  • 40 male volunteers from New Haven, ages 20-50

  • 25 males and 15 female volunteers from New York, ages 18-34

  • 18 males and 6 female volunteers from Florida, ages 38-56

Explanation

Question 5 of 37

1

In Milgram's study, what was the task the learner (paid actor) had to do and what was the voltage increase?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Memory test with numbers

  • Memory test with words

  • Word pairing task

  • Associating pictures with numbers

  • 20 volt increase

  • 15 volt increase

  • 5 volt increase

  • 50 volt increase

Explanation

Question 6 of 37

1

In Milgram's study, the experiment ended when

Select one of the following:

  • The learners task was complete

  • The experiment got to 15 minutes

  • The participant was in too much distress

  • The participant reached 400 volts 2x in a row

  • The participant reached 500 volts 3x in a row

  • The participant reached 450 volts 3x in a row

Explanation

Question 7 of 37

1

In Milgram's study, what were the 4 prompts the experimenter said to the participant in order to encourage them to continue?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Please continue / go on

  • Don't be weak

  • The learner is in no pain, theres nothing to be worried about

  • You have no other choice, you must go on

  • We wont let you leave until the experiment is over

  • The experiment requires that you continue

  • Although the shocks may be painful, they are not harmful

Explanation

Question 8 of 37

1

In Milgram's study, how many participants reached 300 volts?

Select one of the following:

  • All 40 of them

  • None of them

  • 22

  • 38

  • 27

Explanation

Question 9 of 37

1

In Milgram's study, what percentage of participants reached the maximum voltage?

Select one of the following:

  • 65%

  • 48%

  • 100%

  • 29%

  • 9%

  • 84%

Explanation

Question 10 of 37

1

What were the ethical issues in Milgrams study?

Select one or more of the following:

  • No informed consent on the actual task

  • No debrief

  • Failure of protection

  • They were prompted to not withdraw

  • No confidentiality

Explanation

Question 11 of 37

1

What was the PIliavin aim?

Select one of the following:

  • To investigate why Kitty Genoveses death went unreported as a result of diffusion of responsibility, by conducting a field experiment in New York subway.

  • Conduct a field experiment to investigate the effect of several different variables on who responded to help, the speed of responding and the likelihood of responding

  • To investigate whether individuals from New York are less likely to help in a social situation

Explanation

Question 12 of 37

1

What was the Piliavin method?

Select one of the following:

  • The experiment took place on one 7.5 minute journey between two stations on the New York Subway. In total there were 6 researchers of different ages who would come into the train and pretend to be nearby passengers who actually observed and took notes. The female researchers sat by the victim and by the pole of the train whilst the males were scattered around the carriage.

  • The emergencies were staged in the short 7.5 minute journey between two stations on the New York subway. On each trial 4 researchers ( 2 males and 2 females) entered the train. Each time the female researchers took seats and kept notes while the male 'victim' and male model ( potential helper stood near a pole in the centre of the train.

Explanation

Question 13 of 37

1

What were the four victims like? Piliavin

Select one of the following:

  • Male, 3 white and 1 black, aged between 26 and 35 years. In 38 trials the victim smelled of alcohol and carried alcohol in a brown bag; In 65 trials he appeared sober and carried a cane.

  • 2 Females and 2 males, 2 white and 2 black. Ages between 21 - 38, in 40 trials the victim smelled of alcohol and carried alcohol in a brown bag; in 63 trials they appeared sober but with an injured leg and a cane.

Explanation

Question 14 of 37

1

What were the IVs in Pilivians study?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Drunk vs Ill

  • Male vs Female

  • Model vs late model

  • Critical area vs adjacent area

  • Carriage full vs emptyish

  • Black vs White

Explanation

Question 15 of 37

1

What are the DV's in Piliavins study?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Time taken for first person to help

  • Time taken for last person to help

  • Age and ethnicity of 1st helper

  • The duration of the train journey

  • Gender of 1st helper

  • Any comments

Explanation

Question 16 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what is the Critical area - early?

Select one of the following:

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim (70 seconds after collapse)

  • The model stood further away and waited until after the sixth station before helping

  • The model stood a little further away and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the sixth station before helping the victim (150 seconds after collapse)

Explanation

Question 17 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what is the critical area - late?

Select one of the following:

  • The model stood a little further away and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the sixth station before helping the victim (150 seconds after collapse)

  • The model stood further away and waited until after the sixth station before helping

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim (70 seconds after collapse)

Explanation

Question 18 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what is the Adjacent area- early?

Select one of the following:

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the sixth station before helping the victim (150 seconds after collapse)

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim 970 seconds after collapse)

  • The model stood a little further away and waited until after the sixth station before helping

  • The model stood a little further away and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim.

Explanation

Question 19 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what is the Adjacent area - late?

Select one of the following:

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the sixth station before helping the victim (150 seconds after collapse)

  • The model stood further away and waited until after the sixth station before helping

  • The model stood in the critical area and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim (70 seconds after collapsed)

  • The model stood a little further away and waited until after the train passed the 4th station and then helped the victim.

Explanation

Question 20 of 37

1

What was Piliavins sample?

Select one of the following:

  • 4,500 participants in 3 months

  • 5,000 participants in 4month

  • 2,200 participants in 2 and a half months

  • 1,800 participants in 1 months

Explanation

Question 21 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what percentage of white victims got help with cane and being drunk when there was no model?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Cane = 100% + Drunk = 79%

  • Cane = 92% + Drunk = 70%

  • Cane = 100% + Drunk = 100%

Explanation

Question 22 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what percentage of white victims got help with cane and being drunk when there was a model?

Select one of the following:

  • Cane = 100% + Drunk = 77%

  • Cane = 84% + Drunk = 80%

  • Cane = 100% + Drunk = 100%

Explanation

Question 23 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, what percentage of black victims got help with cane and being drunk when there was no model?

Select one of the following:

  • Cane = 70% + Drunk = 68%

  • Cane = 78% + Drunk = 83%

  • Cane = 100% + Drunk = 73%

Explanation

Question 24 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, What were features of the results?

Select one or more of the following:

  • There was a difference between the help given to the white and black victims

  • There was no difference between the help given to the white and black victims

  • New Yorkers are less likely to help than most other countries

  • A diffusion of responsibility was found

  • A diffusion of responsibility was not found

  • There was a slight in group effect (black drunk was more likely to be helped by another black)

  • The fuller the carriage the more likely to help

  • The ill person was helped every time

  • There is a significant difference between the likelihood of helping a female victim compared to a male

Explanation

Question 25 of 37

1

In Piliavins study, the arousal cost reward model is a way of explaining why people may or may mot help in a perceived emergency situation. A person will choose to engage in the response associated with the fewest net costs ( costs for not helping and rewards and costs for helping)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 37

1

What was Levine's aim?

Select one of the following:

  • To investigate whether different cities are kinder than others, relating to individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

  • To determine if a city's tendency to offer non - emergency help to strangers is stable across situations over a wide range of cultures

  • To determine whether people who drop certain items in different countries are more disliked in some cultures compared to others

Explanation

Question 27 of 37

1

In Levine's study, what were the three measures?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Accidentally dropping a pen

  • Accidentally dropping an ornament

  • Being drunk

  • Accidentally dropping books - with leg brace / limp

  • Accidentally dropping magazines - with leg brace / limp

  • Dressed as a blind person

  • Seeming lost

Explanation

Question 28 of 37

1

In Levine's study, the variables of which the culture of each city was measured were:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Population size

  • Gender ratio

  • Economic indicator

  • Indiviualism - collectivism

  • Downtown walking speed

Explanation

Question 29 of 37

1

Levine's conclusion

Select one of the following:

  • The more collectivistic a city is, the more likely help would be offered. Also the less economically rich a city is too also affects the helping rate by also increasing it.

  • The helping rate is characteristic of a place. slower cities are more helpful. Collectivism and individualism of a culture is not related to helping behaviours

Explanation

Question 30 of 37

1

What cultural variable showed a significant correlation to helping behaviour, in Levine's study?

Select one of the following:

  • Economic indicator

  • Gender ratio

  • Individualism - Collectivism

  • Downtown walking speed

Explanation

Question 31 of 37

1

Cities from Latin America (Brazil, costa rica, Mexico and Spain) were the most helpful in Levine's study.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 37

1

Boccharios aim

Select one of the following:

  • To investigate whether whistleblowing is a result of biological factors and childhood experiences

  • To investigate rates of obedience, disobedience and whistleblowing in a situation where instructions were clearly ethically wrong

  • To determine whether social situations that were ethically and morally wrong would encourage an individual to alter their behaviour to commit ethically wrong deeds as a result

Explanation

Question 33 of 37

1

Boccharios research method

Select one of the following:

  • Lab experiment

  • Lab experiment with no IV

  • Field experiment

  • Field experiment with no IV

Explanation

Question 34 of 37

1

Bocchiario's sample, select two

Select one or more of the following:

  • Opportunity sample

  • Random sample

  • Volunteer sample

  • 149 undergraduate students

  • 103 college students

Explanation

Question 35 of 37

1

Bocchiario's procedure

Select one of the following:

  • Students given cover story about recent experiment investigating sensory deprivation on brain function- conducted on 6 participants in Rome, spent time completely isolated, unable to see or hear anything, with extreme panic and had to be stopped. The students were told experimenters want to conduct similar study but awaiting ethical approval, they were told to write a statement to convince other students to participate in the experiment. If a participant believed the proposed research was unethical he/she could anonymously challenge it by putting a form in the mail.

  • Students were approached and asked to help conduct a study in which they isolated 12 students at another university that eventually led to it being stopped completely due to the ethical issues and the distress caused to the students. The isolation method measured the lack of social interaction on an individual and its effects. The students in this study were tested to see whether they'd assist or volunteer themselves to become a researcher/ experimenter for this unethical study

Explanation

Question 36 of 37

1

How many people were estimated to whistle blow compared to whether they actually whistleblowed or not in Bocchiario's study?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Estimated = 64.5% Actual = 9.4%

  • Estimated = 80.1% Actual = 33%

  • Estimated = 31.9% Actual = 9.4%

Explanation

Question 37 of 37

1

Select two conclusions for Bocchiario's study

Select one or more of the following:

  • If tempted, individuals are likely to conduct or assist ethically or morally questionable acts of behaviour as long as they can see it will benefit them

  • This study highlights the lengths individuals would go to, to obey authority figure, this is because they were socialised to do so. 65% of the participants completely obeyed despite their hesitant and understanding it was morally wrong

  • People overestimate the tendency to whistle-blow and underestimate likelihood of obedience

  • Results support previous research that participants tend to see themselves as special and rate themselves favourably

Explanation

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