Bioprocessing

Question 1 of 31

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The production of genetic mutations via a physical change in DNA is known as

Explanation

Question 2 of 31

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc.
Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as hosts

Explanation

Question 3 of 31

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Advantages and Disadvantages of various Expression Hosts:
E.coli:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( No, Yes )
Recombinant protein exported? ( No, Yes )
Number of potential vectors. ( High, Low )
Expression yields. ( Low, Moderate, High )

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( Yes, No )
Recombinant protein exported? ( Yes, No )
Number of potential vectors. ( Low, High )
Expression yields. ( Moderate, Low, High )

Pichia Pastoris:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( Yes, No )
Recombinant protein exported? ( Yes, No )
Number of potential vectors. ( Low, High )
Expression yields. ( Moderate, Low, High )

Bacillus:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( No, Yes )
Recombinant protein exported? ( Yes, No )
Number of potential vectors. ( Low, High )
Expression yields. ( High, Moderate, Low )

Explanation

Question 4 of 31

1

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One of the main advantages of E.coli is that it is a gram negative bacteria and thus produces many which are undesirable in the resulting product.

Explanation

Question 5 of 31

1

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A system according to which successive batches of product (e.g. a vaccine) are prepared using the same master compound is called a system.

Explanation

Question 6 of 31

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The first generation of amplified cells from one of the cells from a master seed are typically known as a seed. From this, a seed is taken and it is from this seed that the product is yielded.

Explanation

Question 7 of 31

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than ( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) generations from the master seed.

Explanation

Question 8 of 31

1

A master seed lot must be kept sterile at all times.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 31

1

A common form of storage of a master seed is in liquid nitrogen at or below around 70 degrees celsius.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 31

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

A ( colony forming, colony expansion, colony streak, colony progenitor ) unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

Explanation

Question 11 of 31

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular
organisms:
media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit
the growth of other organisms
media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or
groups of organisms.

Explanation

Question 12 of 31

1

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media are essentially solutions of buffers with carbohydrates designed to preserve the viability of bacteria during transfer between locations without allowing their multiplication. The primary objective of the use of the this medium is to maintain the specimen as near its original state as possible.

Explanation

Question 13 of 31

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

or freeze drying is a process in which water is removed from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, allowing the ice to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid phase.

Explanation

Question 14 of 31

1

Which of the following methods of preserving cultures allows the cultures to be stored indefinitely?

Select one or more of the following:

Lyophilization
Liquid nitrogen storage
Storage at -70 degrees celsius
Freeze in medium with glycerol
Large stock tubes

Explanation

Question 15 of 31

1

Difference between sterilisation and disinfection:
❌ is the process of freeing an article or a surface from all living microorganisms including viruses and bacterial spores
❌ is the process of freeing an article or a surface from all or some of the living microorganisms but not necessarily the bacterial spores.

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Disinfection

Sterilisation

Explanation

Question 16 of 31

1

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Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via ( heat, chemicals, radiation )

Explanation

Question 17 of 31

1

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Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the protein being present.
This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.

Explanation

Question 18 of 31

1

The presence of Prion proteins in animal material can cause Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in humans, including the human variant of mad cow disease called...

Select one of the following:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease
Kawasaki Disease
Bright's Disease
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
Histoplasmosis
Diphyllobothriasis

Explanation

Question 19 of 31

1

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The effect is a regulatory system whereby respiration is repressed by fermentation, except in low sugar conditions. This means that certain organisms, mainly yeasts such as Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, undergo fermentation over respiration when in aerobic conditions as long as they are in a high sugar environment.

Explanation

Question 20 of 31

1

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Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run ( aerobically, anaerobically )

Explanation

Question 21 of 31

1

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The process by which fermentors have built in tools which allow them to clean themselves following fermentation thus removing the operating costs/potential contamination caused by human cleaning is called

Explanation

Question 22 of 31

1

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Sterilisation in place is also sometimes necessary in stainless steel fermenters in order to ensure that the vessel is microbiologically clean. This process typically utilises ( high temperature steam, hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, peracetic acid )

Explanation

Question 23 of 31

1

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One of the main challenges faced by ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation ) is the prospect of leachables and extractables migrating into the product during fermentation.

Explanation

Question 24 of 31

1

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Comparison between Stainless Steel and Single Use Fermentation:
Conducts fermentation faster = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )
Produces more product annually = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )
Lower cost for single fermentation = ( Stainless Steel Fermentation, Single Use Fermentation )
Lower lead time to build fermentation plant = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )
Significant reduction of cross contamination = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )

Explanation

Question 25 of 31

1

The upstream processing is the bioprocessing phase in which cell lines are generated. The downstream processing, on the other hand, is the phase that deals with extraction or separation of desired products from the biomass.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 26 of 31

1

When removing insolubles from a sample, what is the most common mode of doing so?

Select one of the following:

Centrifugation
Filtration
Sedimentation
Flocculation
Gravity Settling

Explanation

Question 27 of 31

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

When isolating the desired product from the fermentation end product, which compound is typically the chief impurity?

Explanation

Question 28 of 31

1

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After insolubles are removed and the product has been isolated, a process whereby contaminants that resemble the product very closely in physical and chemical properties are separated must occur.
This process is called Product

Explanation

Question 29 of 31

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

In terms of centrifugation, bacteria need a ( high, low ) speed whereas yeast cells and filamentous fungi (molds) need a ( lower, higher ) speed

Explanation

Question 30 of 31

1

Chromatographic Separation Techniques:
❌ is based on electrostatic interactions between charged protein groups, and solid support material (matrix).
❌ is typically used to separate out enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc and involves binding of a protein to a matrix via a protein-specific ligand.
❌ separates molecules based on their molecular size using a porous matrix - the path of elution is proportionate to the molecular size.

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Gel Permeation Chromatography

Affinity Chromatography

Ion exchange chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography

Column chromatography

Explanation

Question 31 of 31

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Freeze drying, also known as Lyophilization, is the process of removing water from a substance by sublimation, causing it to rapidly change from a ( solid, liquid, gas ) to a ( gas, solid, liquid ), completely bypassing the ( liquid, gas, solid ) stage

	Created by Matthew Coulson over 4 years ago

All 5 of the individual 'Chapters' (lectures) presented in this mornings Bioprocessing session (04/10/2019)

Bioprocessing

Question 1 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The production of genetic mutations via a physical change in DNA is known as

Explanation

Question 2 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc. Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as hosts

Explanation

Question 3 of 31

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 4 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

One of the main advantages of E.coli is that it is a gram negative bacteria and thus produces many which are undesirable in the resulting product.

Explanation

Question 5 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A system according to which successive batches of product (e.g. a vaccine) are prepared using the same master compound is called a system.

Explanation

Question 6 of 31

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The first generation of amplified cells from one of the cells from a master seed are typically known as a seed. From this, a seed is taken and it is from this seed that the product is yielded.

Explanation

Question 7 of 31

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than 5 3 4 6( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) generations from the master seed.

Explanation

Question 8 of 31

A master seed lot must be kept sterile at all times.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 31

A common form of storage of a master seed is in liquid nitrogen at or below around 70 degrees celsius.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 31

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

A colony forming colony expansion colony streak colony progenitor( colony forming, colony expansion, colony streak, colony progenitor ) unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

Explanation

Question 11 of 31

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular organisms: media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit the growth of other organisms media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or groups of organisms.

Explanation

Question 12 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 13 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

or freeze drying is a process in which water is removed from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, allowing the ice to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid phase.

Explanation

Question 14 of 31

Which of the following methods of preserving cultures allows the cultures to be stored indefinitely?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 31

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Explanation

Question 16 of 31

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via heat chemicals radiation( heat, chemicals, radiation )

Explanation

Question 17 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the protein being present. This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.

Explanation

Question 18 of 31

The presence of Prion proteins in animal material can cause Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in humans, including the human variant of mad cow disease called...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 20 of 31

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run aerobically anaerobically( aerobically, anaerobically )

Explanation

Question 21 of 31

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc.
Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as hosts

Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than ( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) generations from the master seed.

A ( colony forming, colony expansion, colony streak, colony progenitor ) unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular
organisms:
media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit
the growth of other organisms
media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or
groups of organisms.

Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via ( heat, chemicals, radiation )

Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the protein being present.
This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.

Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run ( aerobically, anaerobically )

One of the main challenges faced by ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation ) is the prospect of leachables and extractables migrating into the product during fermentation.

After insolubles are removed and the product has been isolated, a process whereby contaminants that resemble the product very closely in physical and chemical properties are separated must occur.
This process is called Product

In terms of centrifugation, bacteria need a ( high, low ) speed whereas yeast cells and filamentous fungi (molds) need a ( lower, higher ) speed