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Chapter 19: The Heart

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A&P II, Chpt 19

Question 1 of 55

1

What carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns blood to the heart?

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary trunk

  • Pulmonary circuit

Explanation

Question 2 of 55

1

Which side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood?

Select one of the following:

  • Right side

  • Both sides

Explanation

Question 3 of 55

1

To where in the body does the systemic circuit supply blood?

Select one of the following:

  • The organs

  • The arteries

Explanation

Question 4 of 55

1

What two major arteries return oxygen poor blood to the right side of the heart?

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary trunk and ciliac trunk

  • Superior and inferior vena cava

Explanation

Question 5 of 55

1

What cavity is the heart located in?

Select one of the following:

  • Thoracic cavity

  • Abdominopelvic cavity

Explanation

Question 6 of 55

1

What is located in the mediastinum, between the lungs and deep to the sternum?

Select one of the following:

  • The heart

  • The diaphragm

Explanation

Question 7 of 55

1

What is the bottom of the heart called?

Select one of the following:

  • Apex

  • Aorta

Explanation

Question 8 of 55

1

Also called the parietal pericardium, this is a fibrous layer of dense irregular CT and deep serous layer.

Select one of the following:

  • Pericardial sac

  • pericarial infarction

Explanation

Question 9 of 55

1

The epicardium (serous membrane on the external surface of the heart) is also called what?

Select one of the following:

  • Epicardial sac

  • Visceral pericardium

Explanation

Question 10 of 55

1

What is the space between the parietal and visceral membranes called?

Select one of the following:

  • Pericardial cavity

  • Pericarial sac

Explanation

Question 11 of 55

1

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Select one of the following:

  • Epicardium, endocardium and pericardium

  • Epicardium, endocardium and myocardium

Explanation

Question 12 of 55

1

Folds in the plasma membrane that interlock cells are called what?

Select one of the following:

  • Interlocked discs

  • Intercalated folds

Explanation

Question 13 of 55

1

What is the function of a mechanical junction?

Select one of the following:

  • Tightly join cells and prevent them from pulling apart when they contract

  • Tightly join cells and help them break apart when they contract

Explanation

Question 14 of 55

1

Channels that allow ions to flow from the cytoplasm of one cell into the next are called what?

Select one of the following:

  • Electrical/gap junctions

  • Electric slide

Explanation

Question 15 of 55

1

Cardiocytes are right in what three things?

Select one of the following:

  • Myoglobin, glycogen and mitochondria

  • Myoglobin, glycogen and ATP

Explanation

Question 16 of 55

1

Collagen and elastic fibers that provide structural support, anchor cardiocytes and electrically insulate chambers are called the...

Select one of the following:

  • Fibrous skeleton

  • Fiber skeletal

Explanation

Question 17 of 55

1

Which receives blood returning to the heart by way of the great veins?

Select one of the following:

  • Atria

  • Ventricles

Explanation

Question 18 of 55

1

What is an auricle?

Select one of the following:

  • Ear-like extension, increases atrial volume

  • Wall that separates the atria

Explanation

Question 19 of 55

1

Which ejects blood into the arteries?

Select one of the following:

  • Atria

  • Ventricles

Explanation

Question 20 of 55

1

Groove that encircles the heart between the atria and ventricles and contains blood vessels...

Select one of the following:

  • Coronary AV sulcus

  • Interventricular sulci

Explanation

Question 21 of 55

1

Anterior and posterior grooves that overlie the IV septum and contains blood vessels...

Select one of the following:

  • Interventricular sulci

  • Interatrial sulci

Explanation

Question 22 of 55

1

Wall between the ventricles

Select one of the following:

  • Interatrial septum

  • Interventricular septum

Explanation

Question 23 of 55

1

What is the purpose of valves?

Select one of the following:

  • Ensure the one-way flow of blood

  • There is no purpose

Explanation

Question 24 of 55

1

Which valves regulate the opening between the atria and the ventricles?

Select one of the following:

  • Atrioventricular AV valves

  • Interventricular IV valves

Explanation

Question 25 of 55

1

The _____ connect valve cusps to papillary muscles, preventing flipping or bulging of the cusps

Select one of the following:

  • Tendons

  • Tendinous cords

Explanation

Question 26 of 55

1

Semilunar SL valves...

Select one of the following:

  • Regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles to the large arteries

  • Regulate the flow of blood from the lower limbs back to the heart

Explanation

Question 27 of 55

1

Which valve controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary SL valve

  • Pulmonary trunk

Explanation

Question 28 of 55

1

Which valve controls the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta?

Select one of the following:

  • Aortic SL valve

  • Ventricular SL valve

Explanation

Question 29 of 55

1

Failure of a valve to prevent backwards flow of blood?

Select one of the following:

  • Valvular stenosis

  • Valve insufficiency

Explanation

Question 30 of 55

1

When the cusps are stiffened and the opening is constricted by scar tissue, this is called what?

Select one of the following:

  • Valvular stenosis

  • Valve insufficiency

Explanation

Question 31 of 55

1

Regurgitation of blood through and insufficient valve

Select one of the following:

  • Murmur

  • Mumble

Explanation

Question 32 of 55

1

What is mitral valve prolapse?

Select one of the following:

  • When the mitral valve closes before it's expected to

  • When one or more left AV valve cusps bulge into the atrium during ventricular contraction

Explanation

Question 33 of 55

1

What is the meaning of myogenic?

Select one of the following:

  • Signal originates within the heart

  • Signal targets the heart

Explanation

Question 34 of 55

1

Initiates each heartbeat and determines the heart rate

Select one of the following:

  • Sinoatrial SA node -- the pacemaker

  • Autorhythmic

Explanation

Question 35 of 55

1

Receives signal from the SA node and directs it to the ventricles

Select one of the following:

  • Antroventricular AV node

  • Atrioventricular AV bundle

Explanation

Question 36 of 55

1

Nervelike processes that arise from the ends of the bundle

Select one of the following:

  • Perkins fibers

  • Purkinje fibers

Explanation

Question 37 of 55

1

The _____ rhythm is the NORMAL heartbeat triggered by the SA node (70-80 bpm)

Select one of the following:

  • Sinus

  • Coronary

Explanation

Question 38 of 55

1

AV node takes over the heart rhythm is SA node is damaged, called the _____ rhythm

Select one of the following:

  • Nodal

  • Sinus

Explanation

Question 39 of 55

1

In the SA node, a slow inflow of Sodium (Na) causes gradual depolarization. This is called...

Select one of the following:

  • Pacemaker physiology

  • Pacemaker potential

Explanation

Question 40 of 55

1

When the pacemaker potential reaches threshold, _____ channels open and _____ flows in, producing rapid depolarization

Select one of the following:

  • Calcium (Ca)

  • Potassium (K)

Explanation

Question 41 of 55

1

At peak, _____ channels open and _____ leaves the cell, causing repolarization

Select one of the following:

  • Calcium (Ca)

  • Potassium (K)

Explanation

Question 42 of 55

1

Once the potassium channels close, what happens to the pacemaker potential?

Select one of the following:

  • Nothing

  • It starts over

Explanation

Question 43 of 55

1

An ECG or electrocardiogram is a composite recording of what?

Select one of the following:

  • All the action potential produced by the heart

  • The German spelling

Explanation

Question 44 of 55

1

A pressure difference between two points causes a fluid to flow from _____ pressure to _____ pressure (pressure gradient)

Select one of the following:

  • High; Low

  • Low; High

Explanation

Question 45 of 55

1

What are the four phases of the cardiac cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • -Ventricular filling
    -Isovolumetric contraction
    -Ventricular ejection
    -Isovolumetric relaxation

  • -Ventricles fill
    -Blood stays
    -Ventricles eject
    -Blood leaves

Explanation

Question 46 of 55

1

The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in ONE minute

Select one of the following:

  • Cardiac arrest

  • Cardiac output

Explanation

Question 47 of 55

1

WHAT increases both heart rate and stroke volume?

Select one of the following:

  • McDonalds

  • Exercise

Explanation

Question 48 of 55

1

Resting heart rate ABOVE 100 bpm; resting heart rate BELOW 60 bpm

Select one of the following:

  • Tachycardia; Bradycardia

  • Bradycardia, Tachycardia

Explanation

Question 49 of 55

1

Where are the cardiac centers located?

Select one of the following:

  • Medulla oblongata

  • Medullary

Explanation

Question 50 of 55

1

What is the cardiostimulatory effect?

Select one of the following:

  • Stimulation of the cardiac muscle

  • Transmission of signals by way of the SNS to the SA node, AV node and myocardium to speed up the HR

Explanation

Question 51 of 55

1

What is the cardioinhibitory effect?

Select one of the following:

  • Stopping the heart

  • Transmission of signals by way of the vagus nerve to the SA and AV nodes to slow the HR

Explanation

Question 52 of 55

1

Which receptors send signals to the medulla in response to bp changes?

Select one of the following:

  • Baro

  • Chemo

Explanation

Question 53 of 55

1

Which receptors send signals to the medulla in response to increase CO2, H or O2 to increase HR?

Select one of the following:

  • Chem

  • Baro

Explanation

Question 54 of 55

1

Hyperkalemia is what?

Select one of the following:

  • Too much potassium in the blood

  • Too little potassium in the blood

Explanation

Question 55 of 55

1

Hypocalcemia is what?

Select one of the following:

  • Too little calcium in the blood

  • Too much calcium in the blood

Explanation

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