Charlotte Jakes
Quiz by , created more than 1 year ago

Cell Biology and Signalling Quiz on The Cytoskeleton, created by Charlotte Jakes on 01/11/2019.

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Charlotte Jakes
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The Cytoskeleton

Question 1 of 23

1

What is the monomer unit of actin microfilaments?

Select one of the following:

  • G-actin

  • F-actin

  • M-actin

  • Actin 1

Explanation

Question 2 of 23

1

What facilitates the polymerisation of G-actin to F-actin?

Select one of the following:

  • ATP hydrolysis

  • GTP hydrolysis

  • Phosphorylation by protein kinase

  • Actin polymerase enzyme

Explanation

Question 3 of 23

1

In what orientation are actin monomers composed in f-actin?

Select one of the following:

  • Head to tail

  • Head to head

  • Tail to tail

Explanation

Question 4 of 23

1

Actin microfilaments are described as polar whereby monomers will be added to one end at a faster rate than the other

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 23

1

What are the functions of the actin microfilaments? Check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

  • Muscle contraction

  • Mechanical support e.g. in microvilli

  • Maintenance of cell shape

  • Cell movement

  • Movement of cargo within cell

  • Cilia formation

Explanation

Question 6 of 23

1

Non-muscle cells can contain actin and myosin networks. The interactions between filaments in these networks facilitates process within cells such as cytokinesis.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 23

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Lamellipodia are extensions of the cytoplasm containing networks. They are generated by the rapid growth of actin filaments at the pole closest to the . This produces which causes the cytoplasm to protrude outwards. The tip of each lamellipodium interacts with the ECM via protein. filaments within the cell faciliate contraction that aids movement.

Explanation

Question 8 of 23

1

The structure of intermediate filaments is dynamic.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 23

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Intermediate filament monomers join in pairs to form helical twisted around one another. Then, two dimers combine to form a . Tetramers then link in a formation longitudinally to form a bundle of monomers forming the filament.

Explanation

Question 10 of 23

1

Tubulin monomers are heterodimers of a-tubulin and B-tubulin

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 23

1

What facilitates the depolymerisation of microtubules to tubulin monomers?

Select one of the following:

  • GTP hydrolysis

  • ATP hydrolysis

  • Phosphorylation

  • Methylation

  • Tubulin hydrolase

Explanation

Question 12 of 23

1

Microtubules are dynamic structures whereby the positive end refers to where construction occurs more rapidly than destruction

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 23

1

What are the functions of the microtubules? Check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

  • Resit compression

  • Spindle formation

  • Form cilia and flagella

  • Organise organelles

  • Movement of cargo within cell

  • Whole-cell movement

Explanation

Question 14 of 23

1

What is a microtubule organisation centre (MTOC)?

Select one of the following:

  • A structure from which microtubules extend

  • A protein which organises microtubule polymerisation

  • A protein which gathers protofilaments at their centres to bundle them into microtubules

Explanation

Question 15 of 23

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The centrosome is a type of Microtubule Organisation Centre. A centrosome contains a pair of . A centriole consists of stable fused . Centrosomes form at the of cells. microtubules attach the centrosome to the .

Explanation

Question 16 of 23

1

What is the name given to the protein that develops around the centromere of each chromosome to which spindle fibres attach?

Select one of the following:

  • Kinetochore

  • Kinetosome

  • Kinetoprotein

Explanation

Question 17 of 23

1

Which protein associated with microtubules moves towards the positive end of the microtubule at the cell periphery?

Select one of the following:

  • Kinesin

  • Dynein

Explanation

Question 18 of 23

1

Which protein associated with microtubules moves towards the negative end of the microtubule at the nucleus?

Select one of the following:

  • Kinesin

  • Dynein

Explanation

Question 19 of 23

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

When proteins move cargo throughout the cell, they do so via the of the cytoskeleton. These proteins are composed of double which allow roation. Each 'head' can attach to the microtubule when bound to . When ATP is hydrolysed, there is a where the angle of the head changes and the cargo moves along the microtubule. Then, the second head binds and the process repeats.

Explanation

Question 20 of 23

1

What is the structure of a cilium?

Select one of the following:

  • Ring of 9 microtubule doublets with a single microtubule doublet in the centre

  • Ring of 8 microtubule doublets with 2 microtubule doublets in the centre

  • Ring of 9 microtubule doublets

  • Ring of 9 microtubule triplets

Explanation

Question 21 of 23

1

What is the name given to the structure of the MTOC found near the cell membrane that provides a template for cilia assembly?

Select one of the following:

  • Basal body

  • Basal centromere

  • Kinetic body

  • Kinetochore

Explanation

Question 22 of 23

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

All cells have a single primary cilium. This cilium is not and is thought to cell signalling pathways. It must be before mitosis can occur.

Explanation

Question 23 of 23

1

Which cell junctions form junctions between cells connected to the cytoskeleton?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Desmosomes

  • Gap junctions

  • Hemidesmosomes

  • Focal adhesions

  • Tight junctions

Explanation

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