Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Question 1 of 16

1

The functional kidney is associated with which embryonic organ?

Select one of the following:

Metanephros
Mesonephros
Pronephros
Endonephros

Explanation

Question 2 of 16

1

When does urine formation and excretion begin?

Select one of the following:

At birth
By 3 months’ gestation
By 6 months’ gestation
By 8 months’ gestation

Explanation

Question 3 of 16

1

Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a
greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child
compared with that of an adult?

Select one of the following:

Edema development is less of a problem.
Overhydration is not difficult to manage.
Daily fluid requirements are greater.
The control of dehydration is more difficult.

Explanation

Question 4 of 16

1

What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on
the undersurface of the penis?

Select one of the following:

Hypospadias
Epispadias
Hyperspadias
Chordee

Explanation

Question 5 of 16

1

What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Select one of the following:

Lysosomal enzymes
Endotoxins from Streptococcus
Immune complexes
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated response

Explanation

Question 6 of 16

1

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for
which bacteria?

Select one of the following:

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Haemophilus

Explanation

Question 7 of 16

1

A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored
urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the
professional is best?

Select one of the following:

Presence of red blood cells
Presence of urobilinogen
Slough from the collecting tubules
Protein in the urine

Explanation

Question 8 of 16

1

In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in
which location?

Select one of the following:

Juxtamedullary nephrons
Glomerulus basement membranes
Mesangium of the glomerular capillaries
Parietal epithelium

Explanation

Question 9 of 16

1

What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of
hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

Select one of the following:

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys.
Verotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages
erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow.
Failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen.

Explanation

Question 10 of 16

1

What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Select one of the following:

Periorbital edema
Scrotal or labial edema
Frothy urine
Ascites

Explanation

Question 11 of 16

1

Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?

Select one of the following:

Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney
Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys
Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder
Colonization of the bladder when urine is static

Explanation

Question 12 of 16

1

What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children?

Select one of the following:

Children do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters.
The submucosal segment of a child’s ureter is short, making the antireflux
mechanism inefficient.
The trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is
underdeveloped in children.
As the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the
transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective.

Explanation

Question 13 of 16

1

What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?

Select one of the following:

It involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11.
Development involves an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
Wilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder
The development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly.

Explanation

Question 14 of 16

1

Which anomaly is often associated with Wilms tumor?

Select one of the following:

Renal anaplasia
Aniridia
Anemia
Hypothyroidism

Explanation

Question 15 of 16

1

A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What
statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?

	Created by Emily Doyle over 4 years ago

Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition

Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Question 1 of 16

The functional kidney is associated with which embryonic organ?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 16

When does urine formation and excretion begin?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 16

Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 16

What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 16

What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 16

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 16

A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 16

In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 16

What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 16

What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 16

Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 16

What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 16

What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 16

Which anomaly is often associated with Wilms tumor?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 16

A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 16

When does an individual have their full complement of renal nephrons?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a
greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child
compared with that of an adult?

What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on
the undersurface of the penis?

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for
which bacteria?

A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored
urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the
professional is best?

In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in
which location?

What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of
hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?

A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What
statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?