Charlotte Jakes
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Only a few questions on the history and physics of imaging - key words found in Quizlet

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Charlotte Jakes
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Imaging Techniques

Question 1 of 25

1

Who discovered the x-ray in 1895?

Select one of the following:

  • Wilhelm Rongten

  • Johann Radon

  • Hounsfield

  • Oldendorf

Explanation

Question 2 of 25

1

Lossy compression file formations should never be used to store medical images.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 25

1

With what piece of apparatus were x-rays discovered?

Select one of the following:

  • Crooke's tube with barium platinocyanide

  • Crooke's tube with phosphorus

  • A 14C isotope and photographic film

  • A heated sample of helium

Explanation

Question 4 of 25

1

Why is iodine a good contrast agent for x-ray imaging?

Select one of the following:

  • High attenuation

  • Long radioactive half life

  • Only need a small amount

  • Produces pink colouration of photographic paper

Explanation

Question 5 of 25

1

X-rays are produced when high speed electrons strike a target material. The energy of these electrons can be converted to what, in terms of what is useful in medicine?

Select one of the following:

  • Light photons

  • Gamma rays

  • Alpha particles

  • Microwaves

Explanation

Question 6 of 25

1

Which factors of tissues allow us to distinguish between different tissues on an x-ray image?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Thickness/distance from source - the longer the distance travelled, the lower the intensity of x-rays detected

  • Attenuation - a measure of the material's ability to attenuate x-rays (higher attenuation = brighter image)

  • Oxygen concentration in the tissue

  • Fluid content of the tissue

Explanation

Question 7 of 25

1

Tissues who are more attenuating of x-rays appear brighter on x-rays (i.e. bones are highly attenuating so appear bright white)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 25

1

Which generation of CT scan do modern systems use?

Select one of the following:

  • Generation 1 - dual motion pencil beam scanner in a translate-rotate mechanism

  • Generation 2 - dual motion narrow fan beam in a translate-rotate mechanism

  • Generation 3 - single motion with a fan beam and rotating detector and source in a rotate-rotate mechanism

  • Generation 4 - fan beam with rotating source only and stationary-rotate mechanism

  • Generation 5 - scanning electron beam with stationary-stationary mechanism

Explanation

Question 9 of 25

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Fill in the blanks to give the type of ionising radiation based off the property.
radiation is stopped by paper.
radiation is not stopped by paper but is stopped by plastic.
radiation is not stopped by paper or plastic but is stopped by concrete/steel/lead.

Explanation

Question 10 of 25

1

Alpha decay occurs in natural radioactive elements heavier than lead (i.e. having a relative mass of over 81)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 25

1

In beta-minus decay, what does a neutron break down into?

Select one of the following:

  • Proton and electron

  • Two neutrons

  • Two electrons

  • Two protons

Explanation

Question 12 of 25

1

In beta-minus decay, the atomic number and mass both increase by 1.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 25

1

In beta-plus decay, a proton breaks down into what?

Select one of the following:

  • A neutron and a positron

  • A proton and neutron

  • A proton and electron

  • Two protons

Explanation

Question 14 of 25

1

Why is alpha radiation not suitable for medical imaging?

Select one of the following:

  • Won't be detectable outside of the body

  • Not safe for use inside the body

  • Releases too much thermal energy

  • Isn't found in non-toxic mediums

Explanation

Question 15 of 25

1

What happens when a positron and an electron meet?

Select one of the following:

  • They are converted into two gamma photons travelling in opposite directions

  • They form two protons which travel in the same direction

  • The positron is converted into an electron and the two orbit one another

  • They form one neutron

Explanation

Question 16 of 25

1

In isomeric transition, the mass, atomic number and charge of the nucleus all remain the same.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 25

1

Radioactive isotopes with long half lives are not suitable for use in medical imaging.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 25

1

Which radioactive isotope do we commonly use in medical imaging due to its half life of around 6 hours and its ability to be made in a lab?

Select one of the following:

  • Technetium

  • Phosphorus

  • Platinum

  • Tungsten

Explanation

Question 19 of 25

1

Why can we use the 18F isotope to monitor metabolism in tissues?

Select one of the following:

  • 18F can be incorporated into fluorodeoxyglucose which the body treats as standard glucose

  • 18F emits radiation in high carbon dioxide concentrations

  • 18F emits radiation in high oxygen concentrations

  • 18F reacts with acetyl CoA, emitting radiation

Explanation

Question 20 of 25

1

What type of radiation does the 18F isotope emit?

Select one of the following:

  • Beta-plus (positrons)

  • Beta-minus (electrons)

  • Alpha (alpha particles)

  • Gamma

Explanation

Question 21 of 25

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Fill in the blanks to describe the physics of MRI scanning.
Protons have the physical property of - they spin on their axes oriented in different directions.
When placed inside a magnetic field, the protons align and become .
Some protons will spin in a direction, others in a south-north direction.
In the MRI scanner, a second electromagnet flips the protons off their axes, usually by degrees.
The of the coil must exactly match the at which the protons are spinning.
When we turn off the second electromagnet and the proton returns to its spin and releases signals which can be detected.
Different tissues have different densities of so take different lengths of time to return to rest - these relaxation time differences form contrasting images.

Explanation

Question 22 of 25

1

Why do MRI images not show bone?

Select one of the following:

  • Bone has low hydrogen content

  • Bone has high calcium content

  • Protons in bone do not have spin

  • Bone has high hydrogen content

Explanation

Question 23 of 25

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Fill in the blanks below to describe the principles of ultrasound imaging.
A short ultrasound pulse is emitted and a detector 'listens' for a pulse. The time between emitting a pulse and receiving a response tells us how far away the pulse was when it was . The energy of the pulse tells us how much the energy has in the tissue - the properties of the tissue determine this.

Explanation

Question 24 of 25

1

What did Ansell and Rotblat do in 1948?

Select one of the following:

  • Produce the first image of a thyroid using radioactive iodine

  • Discovered the X-ray

  • Invented the hydrophone for locating icebergs based on pulse-echo principles

  • Discovered radioactivity

Explanation

Question 25 of 25

1

Langevin invented the hydrophone to detect icebergs using pulse-echo physics ib 1915 following the Titanic disaster.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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