Dillon E
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NCE Quiz on Research & Program Evaluation, created by Dillon E on 19/02/2020.

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Research & Program Evaluation

Question 1 of 43

1

Research advances the profession when studies:

Select one of the following:

  • meet IRB approval.

  • demonstrate social validity.

  • researchers are trained at the doctorate level.

  • the study meets efficacious levels.

Explanation

Question 2 of 43

1

Evidence-based counseling practices assure the counselor and client that:

Select one of the following:

  • techniques, procedures, and treatment modalities are grounded in theory.

  • effectiveness and efficacious studies meet the same research standards.

  • findings are based on action research.

  • a comparison group was utilized in the study.

Explanation

Question 3 of 43

1

Research studies are prepared from a needs-based assessment. All are elements of a research needs- based assessment except:

Select one of the following:

  • product.

  • context.

  • input.

  • budget.

Explanation

Question 4 of 43

1

Common factors have been researched across different treatment modalities and are considered important for effective treatment. Although there is disagreement as to the most effective common factors there do appear to be several factors observed. The most common or frequent factor observed in many of the studies is:

Select one of the following:

  • alliance.

  • competence.

  • cognitive complexity.

  • the level of skillfulness.

Explanation

Question 5 of 43

1

Which content segment of a research article is the author to include the relevance of an intervention regarding diversity and multicultural competence?

Select one of the following:

  • introduction

  • methods

  • results

  • discussion

Explanation

Question 6 of 43

1

Research using a naturalistic inquiry, case studies, fieldwork, and field studies are all examples of what type of data collecting or research?

Select one of the following:

  • qualitative

  • quantitative

  • mixed results

  • meta-analysis

Explanation

Question 7 of 43

1

An elementary school counselor conducted an effectiveness study regarding one preventive strategy for one 3rd grade student. The more appropriate type of research might be:

Select one of the following:

  • non-parametric.

  • action.

  • parametric.

  • school age.

Explanation

Question 8 of 43

1

When using a statistical table from a research textbook and completing the appropriate statistical analysis, the researcher would enter what type of table to read for a significance level?

Select one of the following:

  • F-ratio table

  • S-significance table

  • Table of Content

  • H-hypotheses table

Explanation

Question 9 of 43

1

When small amounts of data are available in article form and published in journals, it has been common for researchers to combine those small data findings. This is a series of studies referred to as:

Select one of the following:

  • meta-analysis.

  • formative analysis.

  • qualitative.

  • quantitative.

Explanation

Question 10 of 43

1

A researcher conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness technique for treating social anxiety. When writing a manuscript for publishing the findings and to make the results available to other therapists the following are to be included in the methods section except:

Select one of the following:

  • population for intervention.

  • protocol, techniques, goals for intervention.

  • IRB approval document.

  • materials needed and relevant terminology.

Explanation

Question 11 of 43

1

The Belmont report emphasized major principles for ethical decisions when conducting research for medical and psychological involvement with people. Which principle was not included in the Belmont Principles?

Select one of the following:

  • justice

  • respect

  • beneficence

  • fairness

Explanation

Question 12 of 43

1

From a group of flight attendants at Jet Airlines, a researcher randomly selected 60 employees. The flight attendants were divided into two groups by random assignment of 30 to group A, a traditional in-service program on customer attitudes, and 30 to group B, a new program designed to help flight attendants cope with customer attitudes while on the airplane. The two programs were compared at the end of a six- month period by change scores on a scale designed to measure attitudes toward customers. The independent variable is:

Select one of the following:

  • the type of in-service curriculum.

  • the score on the client attitude scale.

  • randomly selected 60 flight attendants.

  • the change in the attitude scores toward customers.

Explanation

Question 13 of 43

1

In the previous question the operational definition of the dependent variable is:

Select one of the following:

  • a new program designed to deal with the history of customer service complaints.

  • the scores from a scale designed to measure attitudes toward customers.

  • the gender and size of each group.

  • an unknown variable that is not described.

Explanation

Question 14 of 43

1

Common factors in effectiveness studies have to do with all except:

Select one of the following:

  • competence.

  • thinking diversely and complexly.

  • relating to the client.

  • theoretical orientation.

Explanation

Question 15 of 43

1

A clinician developed a long-term research project to assess the efficacy of EMDR for clients experiencing anorexia nervosa. An effect size was met, and clients were pre-assessed to be within an acceptable severity range using a functional measure. Which methodological method controls for internal validity?

Select one of the following:

  • randomization

  • use of a parametric statistical analysis

  • use of the functional measure

  • pre-assessment level of the distress

Explanation

Question 16 of 43

1

specific difficulty in conducting a true experimental design is:

Select one of the following:

  • defining measurable variables.

  • locating appropriate dependent variables.

  • securing permission.

  • managing the controls.

Explanation

Question 17 of 43

1

A research study designed to determine public attitude toward depression would be most like which research method?

Select one of the following:

  • historical

  • descriptive

  • causal-comparative

  • experimental

Explanation

Question 18 of 43

1

Identify which of the following research hypotheses suggests a true experimental research design:

Select one of the following:

  • a sample of all preschool-age children in the U.S. who are read a story by their fathers will not retain the material when compared to those who read the same story by their mothers.

  • a sample of teenagers with learning disabilities is more likely to have behavior problems documented in school records than are teenagers without learning disabilities.

  • all children in a county whose parents are divorced have lower self-esteem than do children from intact families.

  • all the above research hypotheses call for experimental research designs.

Explanation

Question 19 of 43

1

A group of researchers are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of three different therapy approaches and a control group for clients who exhibit symptoms of depression due to unresolved grief issues. The researchers are also interested in whether males or females resolve grief issues differently. After six therapy sessions, the mean scores on the Beck Depression Inventory are compared among and between the four groups. From the available data which type of research design would these researchers utilize in analyzing the data?

Select one of the following:

  • quasi-experimental

  • historical

  • experimental

  • factorial

Explanation

Question 20 of 43

1

In planning a research design with the focus on influencing variables that might affect the outcome the researcher would attempt to control for:

Select one of the following:

  • internal and external validity

  • internal and external reliability

  • internal validity

  • external validity

Explanation

Question 21 of 43

1

A school system initiated a new curriculum for reading. Students in the seventh grade were measured on several cognitive variables at the beginning of the school year and again at the end of the year. The data indicate that students who were exposed to the new curriculum were more proficient at the end of the year and were viewed as supporting the effectiveness of the new curriculum. Identify the threat to internal validity regarding the results.

Select one of the following:

  • history

  • maturation

  • instrumentation

  • regression

Explanation

Question 22 of 43

1

Identify which of the following is a threat to internal validity, that is, an event that is not the independent variable that affects performance on the independent variable.

Select one of the following:

  • instrumentation

  • testing

  • history

  • maturation

Explanation

Question 23 of 43

1

A researcher does not attempt to prove or disprove the hypothesis. Instead, a researcher attempts to collect data that supports or does not support the hypothesis. A good hypothesis is to (Gay & Mills, 2011):

Select one of the following:

  • provide a reasonable explanation.

  • state the expected relationship between two variables as clearly as possible.

  • define the variables in a measurable term.

  • be testable.

Explanation

Question 24 of 43

1

A group of professors in the counseling department at a local university planned to investigate within their state the effectiveness of middle-school counselors. These researchers randomly selected 20 private middle schools in that state. In the selected schools, the team administered a packet of Likert-type instruments to all teachers and students in the seventh grade. The process of sampling used by the investigators in this study is known as:

Select one of the following:

  • systematic.

  • random.

  • stratified random.

  • cluster.

Explanation

Question 25 of 43

1

A correlation coefficient of .93 can be described as:

Select one of the following:

  • strong positive.

  • strong negative.

  • mild positive.

  • mild negative.

Explanation

Question 26 of 43

1

Two evaluators ranked five dogs for running form for each of two days of trials. The evaluators assigned ranks for each dog for each day. Which correlation would be the most appropriate to analyze the data?

Select one of the following:

  • Spearman r

  • Tetrachoric

  • Point Biserial

  • Phi

Explanation

Question 27 of 43

1

A type I error in a null hypothesis is a:

Select one of the following:

  • false rejection.

  • valid rejection.

  • beta error.

  • valid acceptance.

Explanation

Question 28 of 43

1

The following information was reported in a recent journal article. The mean score for group A was significantly higher than the mean score for group B (p < 01). This statement by the researcher means there is a:

Select one of the following:

  • 95% probability that the difference occurred because of the manipulation of the dependent variable.

  • 1% probability that the difference occurred because of the manipulation of the dependent variable.

  • 1% probability that the difference occurred due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

  • 99% probability that the difference occurred due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

Explanation

Question 29 of 43

1

A teacher administered two different forms of a test measuring math achievement to all students. She wanted to know if there is a relationship between the scores on the first form and the second form. What statistical technique should she use?

Select one of the following:

  • simple ANOVA

  • factorial design

  • t-test for independent samples

  • Pearson r

Explanation

Question 30 of 43

1

If the teacher in the previous question wanted to know if there is a difference between the raw scores on each of the two forms, what parametric test should she use?

Select one of the following:

  • simple ANOVA

  • factorial design

  • t-test for independent samples

  • Pearson r

Explanation

Question 31 of 43

1

What method of research would be used for the following problem? The researcher hypothesizes that premarital counseling contributed to better marital adjustment. The researcher selected a group who had been married for one year and had undergone pre-marital counseling and compared them to a group (also married one year) but had not:

Select one of the following:

  • experienced pre-marital counseling

  • experimental method

  • correlational

  • causal-comparative descriptive

Explanation

Question 32 of 43

1

Suppose that you want to test the hypothesis that in seal families with only two seals, the first-born is more gregarious than the second-born. You randomly select matched pairs of puppies with each pair consisting of the first-born puppy and the second-born puppy from a given family. You administer the puppy chow test of gregariousness/ shyness and derive a mean score of 30 first-born puppies and 30 second-born puppies. What would be the appropriate statistical technique?

Select one of the following:

  • t-test

  • analysis of variance

  • Pearson product correlation

  • chi-square

Explanation

Question 33 of 43

1

What is the appropriate research design for the following hypothesis? A researcher hypothesized that randomly selected students who received computer-assisted instruction would have greater gains in algebra achievement than students who do not receive computer- assisted instruction.

Select one of the following:

  • pretest-posttest control group design

  • posttest only control group design

  • nonequivalent control group design

  • Solomon four group design

Explanation

Question 34 of 43

1

If we decrease the probability of a Type I error by choosing alpha small, we:

Select one of the following:

  • increase probability of Type II.

  • increase probability of Type III.

  • increase probability of Type IV.

  • increase probability of Type V.

Explanation

Question 35 of 43

1

A researcher sets out to determine if fifth-grade students in Georgia have a higher or lower self-esteem rating than first-grade students. The researcher randomly selects several fifth-grade and first-grade classes from several different schools across Georgia. This is an example of what type of sampling?

Select one of the following:

  • stratified

  • systematic

  • cluster

  • k sampling

Explanation

Question 36 of 43

1

What research design is recommended for evaluating program and counselor effectiveness due to the complexity of measurement in monitoring and improving a program or intervention?

Select one of the following:

  • action

  • experimental

  • quasi-experimental

  • two-fold factorial

Explanation

Question 37 of 43

1

The results segment of a published article is to contain all except:

Select one of the following:

  • outcomes of the intervention

  • pilot data

  • target outcomes population n description

  • population description.

Explanation

Question 38 of 43

1

The discussion segment of a published article is to contain all except:

Select one of the following:

  • case examples.

  • connections to the purpose, goals, and the outcome of intervention.

  • collected data on intervention into context.

  • evaluate the data regarding diversity and multicultural competence.

Explanation

Question 39 of 43

1

Publication is intended to further the findings in the specified problem; however, what aspect included in the discussion advances the importance of research in the field (objective 1)?

Select one of the following:

  • limitations of the study

  • correct statistical procedures

  • previous topical research

  • researcher’s background in identified topic

Explanation

Question 40 of 43

1

A concern that research participants may raise in signing an informed consent to participate in a study is that in signing that document they may be:

Select one of the following:

  • giving up their right to fair treatment or legal means regarding maltreatment.

  • required to submit some amount or undetermined amount of payment to participate.

  • held accountable for the outcome of the study.

  • harmed in some way unbeknownst to them.

Explanation

Question 41 of 43

1

An article appearing in a professional counseling journal reported a power effect size very low. It is likely the reader would expect the researcher to report the decision to:

Select one of the following:

  • accept the null hypothesis.

  • reject the null hypothesis.

  • accept the null hypothesis and describe the limitations.

  • reject the null hypothesis and describe the limitations of internal validity.

Explanation

Question 42 of 43

1

An ethical advantage in using a wait list as opposed to a control group is:

Select one of the following:

  • to allow for the provision of care.

  • confidentiality is maintained.

  • clients do not have to pay for services.

  • participants are not a part of the statistical analysis or the publication.

Explanation

Question 43 of 43

1

There is growing concern in the use of waiting list control designs in psychological and behavior intervention research because:

Select one of the following:

  • participants perceive that they must wait for the intervention to change.

  • wait list controls improve more than those who are the experimental group.

  • there is a higher dropout rate that affects the statistical power.

  • the treatment for a disorder has research supporting clients get better without the treatment.

Explanation

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