Neoplasia

Metaplasia

Pleomorphism

Dysplasia

Carcinoma in situ

Teratoma

Hamartoma

Choristoma

What four classes of normal regulatory genes are the principal targets of cancer-causing mutations?

Oncoproteins

Most commonly mutated proto-oncogene

Most common mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway alteration present in 78-88% of ameloblastomas

MYC mutation

Abnormalities in tumor suppressor genes are characterized by __________-of-function mutations

Restinoblastoma gene (RB)

Knudson "two-hit" hypothesis

Most frequently mutated gene in human cancers

APC

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Enzyme whose activation causes apoptosis

Follicular lymphoma

Result of translocation of the philadelphia chromosome t(9;22):

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC)

Aflatoxin B1

Warburg effect

Neoangiogenesis

8 hallmarks of cancer

Cancer cachexia

Eaton-Lambert syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome

Cushing syndrome

Hypercalcemia

Polycythemia

Loss of function of E-cadherin

mechanism for tumor invasion

tumor viruses

human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)

high risk HPV types

HPV E6

HPV E7

EBV associated cancers

LMP-1

Helobacter pylori and cancer

CA-125

PSA

AFP

CEA

CA19-9

NMYC oncogene amplication

t(8:14)

t(11:22)

IHC: Cytokeratin

Vimentin

Desmin