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Infectious Diseases Final MCQs- 5th Year PMU

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Infectious Diseases Final MCQs- 5th Year PMU

Question 1 of 92

1

The specific CNS complication of Chickenpox is

Select one of the following:

  • cerebellitis

  • meningitis serosa

  • polyradiculoneuritis - Guillain-Barre

Explanation

Question 2 of 92

1

Treatment of cerebral oedema includes

Select one of the following:

  • Diuretics – spironolactone

  • Diuretics – mannitol, furanthril

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Explanation

Question 3 of 92

1

Common presentations of AIDS are

Select one of the following:

  • prolong morning low grade fever, weight loss, diarrhea

  • hyperpyrexia with profuse sweating, dehydration with metabolic changes

  • bulimia, hyperactivity, psychomotor agitation

Explanation

Question 4 of 92

1

Which meningitis is characterized by the following CSF findings – lymphocytic pleocytosis, normal or slightly elevated protein and normal glucose level?

Select one of the following:

  • Viral

  • Purulent

  • Tuberculous

Explanation

Question 5 of 92

1

The rash in Scarlet fever is

Select one of the following:

  • maculo-papules, vesicular, different stages at the same time

  • vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome

  • pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribed

Explanation

Question 6 of 92

1

Typical for Diptheria are

Select one of the following:

  • dense, dirty gray, hard deposits on the tonsils

  • whitish deposits on the tonsils and buccal mucosa, easily removable

  • the disease is widespread in Bulgaria

Explanation

Question 7 of 92

1

The most common clinical manifestation of Salmonellosis is

Select one of the following:

  • sepsis

  • cholecystitis

  • gastroenteritis

Explanation

Question 8 of 92

1

Which is the antibiotic of choice of for Mediterranean spotted fever

Select one of the following:

  • Gentamycin

  • Doxycycline

  • Ceftriaxone

Explanation

Question 9 of 92

1

Poliomyelitis is characterised by

Select one of the following:

  • flaccid asymmetric, proximal paralysis

  • flaccid symmetric, proximal paralysis

  • full recovery of the affected limb

Explanation

Question 10 of 92

1

Typical for clinical presentation of Cholera is

Select one of the following:

  • rigor and high fever

  • ‘rice water’ stools

  • persistent vomiting, severe stomach pain

Explanation

Question 11 of 92

1

The agent of which disease has teratogenic effect?

Select one of the following:

  • Rubella

  • Scarlet fever

  • Measles

Explanation

Question 12 of 92

1

The main factor for chronicity in HBV infection is

Select one of the following:

  • age

  • innate immunity

  • gender

Explanation

Question 13 of 92

1

The diarrheal syndrome in shigellosis is characterised with

Select one of the following:

  • large amount of watery stools + abdominal pain

  • sparse, bloody mucoid stools + tenesmi

  • voluminous liquid, ” rice water” type stools

Explanation

Question 14 of 92

1

Hepatitis with the most severe course with possibility of acute liver failure is

Select one of the following:

  • acute hepatitis C

  • acute hepatitis B+ hepatitis D

  • viral hepatitis E

  • viral hepatitis A

Explanation

Question 15 of 92

1

Which infection is vaccine preventable

Select one of the following:

  • Salmonella

  • Measles

  • Scarlet fever

Explanation

Question 16 of 92

1

Hypopotassemia may be suspected in a patient with

Select one of the following:

  • enhanced motility and spastic colon

  • intestinal paresis and bloated abdomen

  • generalized seizures

Explanation

Question 17 of 92

1

Empirical therapy for bacterial meningitis includes

Select one of the following:

  • 3rd generation Cephalosporins + Vancomycin

  • Penicillin + Metronidazole

  • 3rd generation Cephalosporins + Clindamycin

Explanation

Question 18 of 92

1

Measles rash appears

Select one of the following:

  • 24 h after onset of the disease

  • the disease begins with it

  • on 3-5-the day of disease onset

Explanation

Question 19 of 92

1

The stools in cholera resemble

Select one of the following:

  • rice water

  • sputum with mucus, blood and pus

  • raspberry jelly

Explanation

Question 20 of 92

1

The most common causative agents of purulent meningitis are

Select one of the following:

  • S.pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

  • S.pneumoniae, Staph.aureus, Myc. tuberculosis

  • N meningitidis, L. monocytogenes, St. epidermidis

Explanation

Question 21 of 92

1

The rash of Chicken pox is

Select one of the following:

  • maculo-papules, vesicular, different stages at the same time

  • vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome

  • pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribed

Explanation

Question 22 of 92

1

Who is NOT at risk for severe Chickenpox

Select one of the following:

  • persons with cellular immunodeficiency

  • pregnant

  • children aged 2-6

Explanation

Question 23 of 92

1

The earliest laboratory test for confirmation of acute hepatitis C is

Select one of the following:

  • Anti-HCV by ELISA

  • HCV RNA by PCR

  • HCV Ag by ELISA

Explanation

Question 24 of 92

1

Pregnant in the 1st trimester has discrete macular rash and negative serological test (ELISA) for Rubella. What is the next step?

Select one of the following:

  • Therapeutic abortion

  • Ribavirin therapy

  • Repeating the test after 3 weeks

Explanation

Question 25 of 92

1

Shigellosis is likely to present with seizures in

Select one of the following:

  • elderly people

  • children under the age of 3 years

  • such onset is unlikely

Explanation

Question 26 of 92

1

Which test is best to confirm EBV as causative agent of infectious mononucleosis

Select one of the following:

  • detection of heterophile antibodies

  • detection of specific antibodies to EBV

  • detection of nucleic acid of EBV in the blood

Explanation

Question 27 of 92

1

Raspberry tongue is typical for

Select one of the following:

  • Scarlet fever

  • Measles

  • Chickenpox

Explanation

Question 28 of 92

1

The most common neoplasm in HIV infection is

Select one of the following:

  • Kaposki‘s sarcoma

  • Pulmonary carcinoma

  • Melanoma

Explanation

Question 29 of 92

1

The aminotransferases (ALT and AST) in acute viral hepatitis are

Select one of the following:

  • Normal

  • 100 E/L

  • > 1000 E/l

Explanation

Question 30 of 92

1

Etiological treatment of choice in cholera is

Select one of the following:

  • penicillin

  • cephalosporin 4-th generation

  • tetracycline

Explanation

Question 31 of 92

1

Antibiotic of choice for the treatment of Scarlet fever is

Select one of the following:

  • tetracycline

  • penicillin / beta-lactam

  • gentamicin

Explanation

Question 32 of 92

1

Meningeal irritation includes

Select one of the following:

  • nuchal rigidity, hyperesthesia

  • diminished tendon reflexes

  • altered mental status

Explanation

Question 33 of 92

1

Route of transmission in Lyme disease is

Select one of the following:

  • via tick bite

  • via drinking unpasteurized milk

  • via mosquito bites

Explanation

Question 34 of 92

1

The most common causative agent of pneumonia in AIDS patients is

Select one of the following:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae

  • Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)

  • Hantavirus

Explanation

Question 35 of 92

1

Typical clinical manifestation of tetanus is

Select one of the following:

  • confusion

  • periodic muscle rigidity

  • permanent muscle rigidity and periodic seizures

Explanation

Question 36 of 92

1

Antibiotic of choice for treatment of Erythema migrans is

Select one of the following:

  • Cefrtiaxone

  • Doxycycline

  • Gentamycine

Explanation

Question 37 of 92

1

Measles rash

Select one of the following:

  • appears after 24 h after the disease onset

  • the disease starts with it

  • appears on 3-5th day of disease onset

Explanation

Question 38 of 92

1

At risk of acute viral hepatitis C are

Select one of the following:

  • intravenous drug abusers

  • newborns in poor sanitary conditions

  • travellers to tropical countries

Explanation

Question 39 of 92

1

The rash of meningococcemia is

Select one of the following:

  • hemorrhagic necrotic, localized predominantly on the lower limbs and buttocks

  • vesicular, diffuse

  • vesicular, highly pruritic

Explanation

Question 40 of 92

1

Initial treatment of infectious diarrhea includes

Select one of the following:

  • rehydration

  • antibiotic

  • correction of ↓K

Explanation

Question 41 of 92

1

On suspicion of acute viral hepatitis the minimum laboratory TESTS are

Select one of the following:

  • alkaline phosphate, gamma glutamyl transferase

  • urine (bile pigments), serum (ALT and AST, bilirubin)

  • complete blood count, electrolytes, acid-base metabolism

Explanation

Question 42 of 92

1

The evolution of Chickenpox rash is

Select one of the following:

  • macula – papule - vesicle - crust

  • macula- papule - brown pigmentation

  • petechiae- ecchymosis- suffusion

Explanation

Question 43 of 92

1

The main factor for chronicity in HBV infection is

Select one of the following:

  • age

  • innate immunity

  • gender

Explanation

Question 44 of 92

1

The mainstay of diphtheria treatment is

Select one of the following:

  • antibiotics

  • antitoxin serum

  • corticosteroids

Explanation

Question 45 of 92

1

Which infection is vaccine-preventable

Select one of the following:

  • Measles

  • Scarlet fever

  • Lyme borreliosis

Explanation

Question 46 of 92

1

Koplik spots are pathognomonic sign for

Select one of the following:

  • Scarlet fever

  • Measles

  • Rubella

Explanation

Question 47 of 92

1

Jaundice as a clinical manifestation of acute viral hepatitis C is seen

Select one of the following:

  • in a few patients

  • in the majority of patients

  • in about half of the cases

Explanation

Question 48 of 92

1

Laboratory minimum for suspected viral hepatitis is

Select one of the following:

  • urine (bile pigments), serum (ALT and AST, bilirubin)

  • CBC, electrolytes, acid-base balance

  • abdominal ultrasound

Explanation

Question 49 of 92

1

Meningeal irritation, prolonged clouding consciousness and focal neurological findings are common in

Select one of the following:

  • meningoencephalitis

  • encephalitis

  • meningitis

Explanation

Question 50 of 92

1

The incubation period in Shigellosis is

Select one of the following:

  • 2 weeks

  • 1-7 days

  • 4-6 hours

Explanation

Question 51 of 92

1

What type of toxin is released by Salmonella bacteria on cell lysis

Select one of the following:

  • endotoxin

  • neurotoxin

  • enterotoxin

Explanation

Question 52 of 92

1

Which of the following agents causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Select one of the following:

  • enterohemorrhagic E.coli

  • enteroinvasive E.coli

  • pathogenic E.coli

Explanation

Question 53 of 92

1

The agent of which disease has teratogenic effect?

Select one of the following:

  • Rubella

  • Scarlet fever

  • Measles

Explanation

Question 54 of 92

1

Which of the following statements regarding enteroviruses as causative agents of aseptic meningitis are NOT TRUE?

Select one of the following:

  • Enteroviruses account for up to 80% of cases of viral meningitis.in children

  • the clinical presentation in children is milder than in adults

  • lymphocytes are predominant in the first 24 hours, later neutrophils prevail

Explanation

Question 55 of 92

1

Which type of immunity is impaired in HIV infection?

Select one of the following:

  • humoral

  • cell mediated

  • innate

Explanation

Question 56 of 92

1

Viral hepatitis A is transmitted via

Select one of the following:

  • fecal-oral mechanism

  • parenteral mechanism

  • sexual mechanism

Explanation

Question 57 of 92

1

The most common causative agent of of Infectious mononucleosis is

Select one of the following:

  • Epstein-Barr virus

  • Cytomegalovirus

  • HIV

Explanation

Question 58 of 92

1

The main route of transmission of hepatitis C virus is

Select one of the following:

  • fecal-oral

  • intravenous usage

  • sexual

Explanation

Question 59 of 92

1

The rash in Scarlet fever is ???

Select one of the following:

  • maculo-papules, vesicular, fast evolution of stages

  • vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome

  • pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribed

Explanation

Question 60 of 92

1

The mental status in tetanus is

Select one of the following:

  • blurred

  • alert

  • hallucinations are typical

Explanation

Question 61 of 92

1

Typical Measles rash is

Select one of the following:

  • maculo-papular rash appearing on the first day of the disease

  • maculo-papular rash, confluent, appears on the 4-5 the day

  • discrete maculo-papular rash fades after 3 days

Explanation

Question 62 of 92

1

Which type of meningitis is characterized by the following CSF findings – lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein and decreased glucose level

Select one of the following:

  • viral

  • purulent

  • tuberculous

Explanation

Question 63 of 92

1

Which of the following conditions are NOT AIDS-defining illness?

Select one of the following:

  • Herpes zoster

  • Kaposki’s sarcoma

  • Esophageal candidiasis

Explanation

Question 64 of 92

1

Cholera initially presents with

Select one of the following:

  • chills and high fever

  • diarrhea ” rice water” type

  • intractable vomiting

Explanation

Question 65 of 92

1

Which of the following microorganisms is associated with diarrhoea after antibiotic therapy or severe operations

Select one of the following:

  • Cl. difficile

  • Salmonella

  • E.coli

Explanation

Question 66 of 92

1

Diarrheal syndrome in shigellosis is characterised by

Select one of the following:

  • large amount of watery stools + abdominal pain

  • sparse, bloody mucoid stools + tenesmi

  • voluminous liquid, ” rice water” type stools

Explanation

Question 67 of 92

1

A pregnant woman in first trimester had contact with a sick child, suspected to have rubella. How could you manage her

Select one of the following:

  • to clarify if the child has Rubella

  • to recommend abortion on medical grounds

  • to determine her immunity by serology

Explanation

Question 68 of 92

1

The most common presentation of Lyme borreliosis is

Select one of the following:

  • erythema migrans

  • arthritis

  • neuritis

Explanation

Question 69 of 92

1

The most common initial complaints in acute viral hepatitis are

Select one of the following:

  • fatigue, anorexia, nausea, loss of appetite

  • severe abdominal pain radiating to the shoulders and vomiting

  • fever and diarrhoea

Explanation

Question 70 of 92

1

First choice antibiotic for treatment of pertussis is

Select one of the following:

  • ceftriaxone

  • macrolides

  • amikacin

Explanation

Question 71 of 92

1

Empirical treatment on suspicion of bacterial meningitis includes

Select one of the following:

  • 3rd generation Cephalosporins + Vancomycin

  • Penicillin + Metronidazole

  • 3rd generation Cephalosporins + Clindamycin

Explanation

Question 72 of 92

1

Thick pseudomembrans, spreading across the pharyngeal mucosa and bleeding while dislodging, are characteristic for

Select one of the following:

  • mononucleosis

  • diphtheria

  • strepto pharyngitis

Explanation

Question 73 of 92

1

Pustula maligna is typical for

Select one of the following:

  • Anthrax

  • Mediterranean spotted fever

  • Tularemia

Explanation

Question 74 of 92

1

Anthrax infection results from

Select one of the following:

  • exposure to cattle and goats

  • tick bite

  • mosquito bite

Explanation

Question 75 of 92

1

Acute hepatitis C becomes chronic in

Select one of the following:

  • 30-80%

  • < 2%

  • >90%

Explanation

Question 76 of 92

1

The stages in the course of HIV/AIDS infection are

Select one of the following:

  • early HIV infection, latency period, AIDS

  • catarrhal period , rash period , convalescent period

  • initial intoxication period, period of generalized lymphnodulomegaly, period of hepatosplenomegaly

Explanation

Question 77 of 92

1

Serological markers of acute viral hepatitis B are

Select one of the following:

  • HBsAg (+) and anti HBc IgM (+)

  • HBsAg (+) and anti HBc total (+)

  • anti HBsAg (+) and anti HAV IgM (+)

Explanation

Question 78 of 92

1

Arthralgia in acute viral hepatitis presents with

Select one of the following:

  • joint pain without swelling and redness

  • swelling, redness and forced position

  • swelling without pain and redness

Explanation

Question 79 of 92

1

Tache noire (black spot) at the site of the tick bite represents

Select one of the following:

  • painless ulcer covered with black (necrotic) crust

  • painless oval or round pink or red skin plaque> 5 cm

  • painful hot red plaque with raised edges

Explanation

Question 80 of 92

1

Which of the following findings IS NOT characteristic of infant meningitis?

Select one of the following:

  • bulging fontanelle, Lessage sign

  • distended abdomen

  • crie encephalique

Explanation

Question 81 of 92

1

The screening test for HIV infection is

Select one of the following:

  • anti HIV (ELISA)

  • viral RNA (PCR)

  • anti HIV (immunoblot)

Explanation

Question 82 of 92

1

The rash in Mediterranean spotted fever is

Select one of the following:

  • maculopapular

  • vesicular

  • erythematous

Explanation

Question 83 of 92

1

Which diseases in not vaccine preventable

Select one of the following:

  • Lyme borreliosis

  • Poliomyelitis

  • Measles

Explanation

Question 84 of 92

1

The most common electrolyte abnormalities in patients with diarrhea are

Select one of the following:

  • hyponatremia and hypokaliemia

  • hypercalcemia and hyperkaliemia

  • hypernatriemia and hyperchloremia

Explanation

Question 85 of 92

1

Acyclovir is recommended to which of following cases

Select one of the following:

  • Chicken pox - mandatory

  • Chicken pox in immunocompromised patients

  • Kaposi sarcoma

Explanation

Question 86 of 92

1

Which of the following statements regarding leptospirosis IS NOT true”

Select one of the following:

  • Leptospirosis is a biphasic illness with multiorgan involvement

  • Gentamycin is the antibiotic of choice

  • Infection is acquired during walking or bathing in rivers

Explanation

Question 87 of 92

1

At risk for development of Herpes Zoster are

Select one of the following:

  • adolescents (aged 11-19 years)

  • patients with HIV infection

  • newborns

Explanation

Question 88 of 92

1

Characteristic clinical manifestation of enteroviral infections is

Select one of the following:

  • Herpagina

  • Gingivostomatitis

  • Exudative pharyngitis

Explanation

Question 89 of 92

1

The rash in Scarlet fever is

Select one of the following:

  • small maculopapules predominantly in the axilar and inguinal regions

  • vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome

  • pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribe

Explanation

Question 90 of 92

1

Inflammatory diarrhea is commonly caused by

Select one of the following:

  • Shigella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Cl. difficile

  • Viruses, enterotoxigenic E. coli

  • S. aureus, B. cereus, most Salmonella sp.

Explanation

Question 91 of 92

1

When is ART warranted

Select one of the following:

  • For all HIV positive regardless of CD4 count

  • CD4<200 cells/µL

  • CD4< 350 cells/µL

Explanation

Question 92 of 92

1

In the case of infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, it is important to consider

Select one of the following:

  • primary HIV infection

  • neoplasms

  • syphilis

Explanation

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