Organs of the Endocrine System

Question 1 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the anatomy of the pituitary gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

Neurosecretory cells

Optic chiasm

Median eminence

Infundibular stem

Hypophyseal portal vein

Pars tuberalis

Pars distalis

Pars nervosa

Neurohypophysis

Adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 2 of 52

1

What is the posterior pituitary also known as?

Select one of the following:

Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 3 of 52

1

What is the anterior pituitary gland also known as?

Select one of the following:

Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary

Explanation

Question 4 of 52

1

Which part of the pituitary gland do the paraventricular nuclei project to?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary/adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/neurohypophysis

Explanation

Question 5 of 52

1

Where would you find the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei?

Select one of the following:

Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Infundibular stem of the neurohypophysis
Pars distalis of the adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 6 of 52

1

Which part of the pituitary gland do the supraoptic nuclei project to?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary/adenohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/neurohypophysis

Explanation

Question 7 of 52

1

Which part of the pituitary gland is formed of an infundibular stem and the pars nervosa?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 8 of 52

1

Which part of the pituitary gland is formed of the pars distalis and pars tuberalis?

Select one of the following:

Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis

Explanation

Question 9 of 52

1

Which part of the pituitary gland mainly secretes ADH and oxytocin?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 10 of 52

1

Which part of the pituitary gland secretes prolactin, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH etc?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 11 of 52

1

What do the neurosecretory cells of the pituitary gland release hormones in response to?

Select one of the following:

Depolarisation
Hyperpolarisation
Other hormones binding
Change in blood pH

Explanation

Question 12 of 52

1

What is the function of the Herring bodies found in the terminal ends of the axons of the posterior pituitary glands?

Select one of the following:

Storage of hormones
Storage of neurotransmitter
pH maintenance
Support for the axons of the neurohypophysis

Explanation

Question 13 of 52

1

Where will you find pituicytes?

Select one of the following:

Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis

Explanation

Question 14 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the method of release of hormones by the posterior pituitary gland.
1. ❌ are synthesises in the cell bodies of neurons in the ❌.
2. These pre-hormones are cleaved to yield the ❌ hormone bound to ❌.
3. The hormones are transported down the ❌ to the axon terminals.
4. Hormones are stored in ❌ at the termini.
5. Hormones are released into ❌ upon stimulation of cell bodies in the hypothalamus.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Pre-hormones

hypothalamus

functional

neurophysin

axons

Herring bodies

fenestrated capillaries

Explanation

Question 15 of 52

1

In the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis we have acidophils and basophils. Why are acidophils called acidophils?

Select one of the following:

They take up acids
They take up bases
They secrete growth hormone
Their cytosol is acidic

Explanation

Question 16 of 52

1

Why are basophils called basophils?

Select one of the following:

They take up bases
They take up acids
Their cytosol is neutral
They occur on the basal lamina

Explanation

Question 17 of 52

1

Growth hormone and pro-lactin are secreted by which type of cell in the adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Acidophils
Basophils
Chromophobes

Explanation

Question 18 of 52

1

TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH are secreted by which cells of the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Acidophils
Basophils
Chromophobes

Explanation

Question 19 of 52

1

Which of the following act as the stem cells for the pars distalis?

Select one of the following:

Chromophobes
Acidophils
Basophils

Explanation

Question 20 of 52

1

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is released by the cells of which part of the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Pars intermedia
Pars distalis
Pars tuberalis

Explanation

Question 21 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the regulation of secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
1. The ❌ cells of the ❌ project to the ❌.
2. These cells discharge into the capillaries of the ❌.
3. The hormones they release either stimulate or inhibit the release of ❌ from the anterior pituitary.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

neuroendocrine

hypothalamus

median eminence

pituitary portal vessels

hormones

Explanation

Question 22 of 52

1

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

Select one of the following:

2
1
3
4

Explanation

Question 23 of 52

1

The thyroid gland's lobes are connected by a midline isthmus.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 24 of 52

1

Where will you find the isthmus of the thyroid gland?

Select one of the following:

Between the 2nd and 4th tracheal rings
Between the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
Between the 4th and 5th tracheal rings
Between the 1st and 3rd tracheal rings

Explanation

Question 25 of 52

1

The cuboidal epithelial cells of the thyroid gland are arranged around a central cavity to form what?

Select one of the following:

A follicle
A fascicle
A lumen
A pit

Explanation

Question 26 of 52

1

What do the cuboidal epithelial cells of the thyroid gland secrete?

Select one of the following:

Thyroglobulin
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
TSH

Explanation

Question 27 of 52

1

The lumen of the follicles of the thyroid gland is filled with thyroglobulin.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 28 of 52

1

C-cells/parafollicular cells are found at the junctions between follicles of the thyroid gland. What do they secrete?

Select one of the following:

Calcitonin
Thyroglobulin
TSH
Parathyroid hormone

Explanation

Question 29 of 52

1

Calcitonin stimulates calcium mobilisation from bone.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 30 of 52

1

How does the thyroid gland produce and release thyroxine?

Select one of the following:

Breakdown of iodinated thyroglobulin
Breakdown of thyroglobulin
Oxidisation of iodine
Protein synthesis

Explanation

Question 31 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the release of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.
1. The thyroid ❌ cells take up ❌.
2. Iodide is oxidised to ❌.
3. Iodine covalently attaches to ❌ residues of ❌ within the lumen of the follicle.
4. Iodinated thyroglobulin is broken down in ❌ to ❌.
5. Thyroxine is released into surrounding ❌.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

follicular

iodide

iodine

tyrosine

phenylalanine

tryptophan

thyroglobulin

thyroxine

lysosomes

the Golgi

the nucleus

capillaries

Explanation

Question 32 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the anatomy of the thyroid gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Epiglottis

Isthmus

Right lateral lobe

Left lateral lobe

Left subclavian artery

Trachea

Aorta

Right subclavian artery

Common carotid artery

Thyroid cartilage

Hyoid bone

Explanation

Question 33 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the histology of the thyroid gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Follicle

Follicular cell

Parafollicular cell/C cell

Colloid

Capillary

Explanation

Question 34 of 52

1

Where are the parathyroid glands found?

Select one of the following:

Embedded in the posterior border of the thyroid
Embedded in the anterior border of the thyroid
Either side of the thyroid
Just above the thyroid

Explanation

Question 35 of 52

1

How many parathyroid glands do we normally have?

Select one of the following:

4
3
2
1

Explanation

Question 36 of 52

1

The parathyroid glands are around the size of a pea.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 37 of 52

1

What does parathyroid hormone do?

Select one of the following:

Stimulate calcium mobilisation from bone
Inhibit calcium mobilisation from bone
Stimulate the thyroid gland
Stimulate the adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline

Explanation

Question 38 of 52

1

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland are arranged in irregular cords around capillaries.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 39 of 52

1

Which suprarenal gland is described as having a crescent shape, whilst the other has a pyramidal shape?

Select one of the following:

Left suprarenal gland
Right suprarenal gland

Explanation

Question 40 of 52

1

The medulla and cortex of the suprarenal glands have differing embryological origins.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 41 of 52

1

Which is the correct order of structures in the suprarenal gland from outermost to innermost?

Select one of the following:

Capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, medulla
Medulla, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, capsule
Capsule, medulla, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
Capsule, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, medulla

Explanation

Question 42 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to label the histologies of the cortex of the adrenal gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Zona glomerulosa

Zona fasciculata

Zona reticularis

Explanation

Question 43 of 52

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

To remember what the different layers of the adrenal cortex secrete, we use the acronym GFR ACT. Fill in the blanks to describe what each layer secretes.
The first layer is the zona G. It secretes A and other mineralocorticoids.
The second layer is the zona F. It secretes C and other glucocorticoids.
The third layer is the zona R. It secretes T and other sex steroid hormones.

Explanation

Question 44 of 52

1

Which of the following regulate the zona glomerulosa?

Select one of the following:

Renin and angiotensin
ACTH
Oestrogen
ADH

Explanation

Question 45 of 52

1

Which of the following regulates the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal gland?

Select one of the following:

ACTH
Renin and angiotensin
ADH
Oestrogen

Explanation

Question 46 of 52

1

Which of the following regulates the zona reticularis of the suprarenal gland?

Select one of the following:

ACTH
Oestrogen
Renin and angiotensin
ADH

Explanation

Question 47 of 52

1

Which branch of the nervous system acts upon the adrenal medulla?

Select one of the following:

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic
Enteric

Explanation

Question 48 of 52

1

Which neurotransmitter stimulates the adrenal medulla?

Select one of the following:

Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
Dopamine

Explanation

Question 49 of 52

1

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the layers of the suprarenal gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Cortex

Medulla

Medulla (histology)

Zona reticularis

Zona fasciculata

Zona glomerulosa

Capsule

Explanation

Question 50 of 52

1

What do the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete?

Select one of the following:

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic peptide

Explanation

Question 51 of 52

1

What do the B cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete?

Select one of the following:

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic polypeptide

Explanation

Question 52 of 52

1

What do the theta cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete?

Select one of the following:

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic polypeptide

	Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago

University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Quiz on Organs of the Endocrine System, created by Charlotte Jakes on 19/04/2020.

Organs of the Endocrine System

Question 1 of 52

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the anatomy of the pituitary gland.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 2 of 52

What is the posterior pituitary also known as?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 52

What is the anterior pituitary gland also known as?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 52

Which part of the pituitary gland do the paraventricular nuclei project to?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 52

Where would you find the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 52

Which part of the pituitary gland do the supraoptic nuclei project to?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 52

Which part of the pituitary gland is formed of an infundibular stem and the pars nervosa?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 52

Which part of the pituitary gland is formed of the pars distalis and pars tuberalis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 52

Which part of the pituitary gland mainly secretes ADH and oxytocin?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 52

Which part of the pituitary gland secretes prolactin, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH etc?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 52

What do the neurosecretory cells of the pituitary gland release hormones in response to?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 52

What is the function of the Herring bodies found in the terminal ends of the axons of the posterior pituitary glands?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 52

Where will you find pituicytes?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 52

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 15 of 52

In the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis we have acidophils and basophils. Why are acidophils called acidophils?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 52

Why are basophils called basophils?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 52

Growth hormone and pro-lactin are secreted by which type of cell in the adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 52

TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH are secreted by which cells of the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 52

Which of the following act as the stem cells for the pars distalis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 52

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is released by the cells of which part of the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis?

Select one of the following: