Hussain Basheer
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Thorax- Anatomy 2nd Sem, 2nd Year- PMU

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Thorax- Anatomy 2nd Sem, 2nd Year- PMU

Question 1 of 119

1

Pectoral nerves are branches of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 119

1

Long thoracic nerve is a direct branch of the roots of the brachial plexus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 119

1

Dorsal scapular nerve is a direct branch of the roots of the brachial plexus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 119

1

Superior trunk of the brachial plexus gives off n.suprascapularis and nerve to the subclavius

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 119

1

Mediastinum is the space in thoracic cavity where the lungs are located

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 119

1

The lower border of parietal pleura is projected at the level of 12th rib on the back of the thorax

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 119

1

The surasternal space is between the superficial (investing) and middle lamina of deep cervical fascia

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 119

1

The phrenic nerve is a part of the neurovascular bundle of the neck

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 119

1

The cervical parietal pleura farms the dome of each pleural cavity

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 119

1

The parietal and visceral pericardium are separated by a thin film of fluid

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 119

1

*The subclavian vessels arch over the anterior surface of the dome of the pleura

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 119

1

The costomediastinal recess lies along the inferior margin of the pleura

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 119

1

The costodiaphragmatic recess extends between the thoracic wall and the vertical part of the diaphragm

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 119

1

The phrenic nerve and its accompanying vessels pass anterior to the lung root

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 119

1

The vagus nerve descends posterior to the lung root

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 119

1

The phrenic and vagus nerves descend between the pericardium and sternum

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 119

1

The thoracic duct enters the thoracic cavity through hiatus aorticus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 119

1

The lower boundary of mediastinum superius is the plane between angulus sterni and Th4/Th5

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 119

1

The upper boundary of mediastinum superius is the plane between the sternal notch and Th1

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 119

1

Phrenic nerve passes posteriorly to the root of the lungs

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 119

1

Vagus nerve passes anteriorly to the root of the lungs

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 119

1

Phrenic and vagus nerves pass together posteriorly to the root of the lungs

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 119

1

In the thorax sympathetic trunk is ultimately related to the esophagus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 119

1

Aortic arch may have from 1 to 6 branches

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 119

1

The pleural cavity contains:

Select one of the following:

  • Blood

  • Mucosal fluid

  • Serous fluid

  • Air

Explanation

Question 26 of 119

1

*In lymphatic drainage of the breast, the major portion (about 75%) enters eventually into which group of nodes?

Select one of the following:

  • Central axillary

  • Deltopectoral

  • Lateral axillary

  • Parasternal

  • Subscapular

Explanation

Question 27 of 119

1

A woman with breast cancer subsequently develops metastases in her vertebral column. The most direct route for spread of the tumor to the vertebral column was via:

Select one of the following:

  • branches of the cephalic vein

  • branches of the lateral thoracic vein

  • branches of the thoracoacromial veins

  • lymphatic vessels draining into the axilla

  • branches of the intercostal veins

Explanation

Question 28 of 119

1

*The clavipectoral fascia is penetrated by which artery?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior circumflex humeral

  • Axillary

  • Subscapular

  • Thoracoacromial

  • Thoracodorsal

Explanation

Question 29 of 119

1

*During a motorcycle accident, an 18-year-old male landed on the right lateral side of his rib cage with his right upper limb abducted. In the hospital he was found to have "winging” of the right scapula. Which nerve was likely damaged in the accident?

Select one of the following:

  • Accessory

  • Lateral pectoral

  • Lung thoracic

  • Phrenic

  • Vagus

Explanation

Question 30 of 119

1

Breast cancer cells can spread directly to the cranial cavity and brain via the vertebral venous plexus. Thmngh which route can they reach this plexus?

Select one of the following:

  • Axillary lymph nodes

  • Internal thoracic vein

  • Intercostal veins

  • Parasternal lymph nodes

  • Thoracoacromial artery

Explanation

Question 31 of 119

1

While observing a mastectomy on a 60-year-old female patient, a medical student was asked by the surgeon to help tie off the arteries that supply the medial side of the breast. The artery that gives origin to these small branches is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Internal thoracic

  • Musculophrenic

  • Posterior intercostal

  • Superior epigastric

  • Tharacoacromial

Explanation

Question 32 of 119

1

*Upon finding a malignant tumor in the medial portion of the breast of a 40-year-old female, the surgeon began to search for the lymph nodes that would be the first ones reached by metastatic spread of cancer cells from this site. Which group(s) would have to be examined to determine whether metastasis had occurred?

Select one of the following:

  • Central only

  • Parastemal only

  • Parastemal and apical

  • Parasternal and lateral

  • Parasternal and pectoral

Explanation

Question 33 of 119

1

When inserting a chest tube, intercostal vessels and nerves are avoided by placing the tube immediately:

Select one of the following:

  • above the margin of a rib

  • below the margin of a rib

Explanation

Question 34 of 119

1

Because of its angle with the trachea and size of the main bronchus. a bronchoscpe would pass more readily into which lung?

Select one of the following:

  • Left

  • Right

Explanation

Question 35 of 119

1

The second costal cartilage can be located by palpating the:

Select one of the following:

  • costal margin

  • sternal angle

  • sternal notch

  • sternoclavicular joint

  • xiphoid process

Explanation

Question 36 of 119

1

The thoracic wall is innervated by:

Select one of the following:

  • Dorsal primary rami

  • lntercostal nerves

  • Lateral pectoral nerves

  • Medial pectoral nerves

  • Thoracodorsal nerves

Explanation

Question 37 of 119

1

A 3rd~year medical student was doing her first physical exam. In order to properly place her stethoscope to listen to heart sounds, she palpated bony landmarks. She began at the jugular notch, then slid her fingers down to the sternal angle. At which rib (costal cartilage) level were her fingers?

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

  • Can’t be determined

Explanation

Question 38 of 119

1

The portion of the parietal pleura that extends above the first rib is called the:

Select one of the following:

  • costodiaphragmatic recess

  • costomediastinal recess

  • costocervical recess

  • cupola

  • endothoracic fascia

Explanation

Question 39 of 119

1

A stethoscope placed over the left second intercostal space just lateral to the sternum would be best positioned to detect sounds associated with which heart valve?

Select one of the following:

  • aortic

  • pulmonary

  • mitral

  • tricuspid

Explanation

Question 40 of 119

1

Which valves would be open during ventricular systole?

Select one of the following:

  • Aortic and pulmonary

  • Aortic and tricuspid

  • Mitral and aortic

  • Tricuspid and mitral

  • Tricuspid and pulmonary

Explanation

Question 41 of 119

1

Which statement is true of the right atrioventricular valve?

Select one of the following:

  • it is also called the mitral valve

  • it is open during ventricular diastole

  • it transmits oxygenated bleed

  • it is opened by the pull of chordae tendineae

  • it consists of 2 leaflets

Explanation

Question 42 of 119

1

The heart sound associated with the mitral valve is best heard:

Select one of the following:

  • In the jugular notch

  • In the second left intercostal space

  • In the second right intercostal space

  • In the fifth left intercostal space

  • To the right of the xiphoid process

Explanation

Question 43 of 119

1

You are attending an operation to remove a thymic tumor from the superior mediastinum. The surgeon asks, “What important nerve lying on and partly curving posteriorly around the arch of the aorta should we be careful of as we remove this mass?” You quickly answer, “The--

Select one of the following:

  • left phrenic

  • left sympathetic trunk

  • left vagus

  • right phrenic

  • right sympathetic trunk

Explanation

Question 44 of 119

1

The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed primarily by the anterior wall of which heart chamber?

Select one of the following:

  • Left atrium

  • Left ventricle

  • Right atrium

  • Right ventricle

Explanation

Question 45 of 119

1

Which of the following layers provides a natural cleavage plane for surgical separation of the costal pleura from the thoracic wall?

Select one of the following:

  • Deep fascia

  • Endothoracic fascia

  • Parietal pleura

  • Visceral pleura

  • Transversus thoracis muscle fascia

Explanation

Question 46 of 119

1

The diaphragm receives its main motor nerve supply from:

Select one of the following:

  • N. Vagus

  • Truncus sympaticus

  • N. Intercostalis

  • N. Phrenicus

  • N. Accessorius

Explanation

Question 47 of 119

1

Which structure does NOT lie in the coronary sulcus?

Select one of the following:

  • circumflex artery

  • coronary sinus

  • right coronary artery

  • right marginal artery

  • left coronary artery

Explanation

Question 48 of 119

1

Which posterior mediastinal structure is most closely applied to the posterior surface of the pericardial sac?

Select one of the following:

  • Aorta

  • Azygos vein

  • Esophagus

  • Thoracic duct

  • Trachea

Explanation

Question 49 of 119

1

In obstruction of the superior or inferior vena cava, venous blood is returned to the heart by an alternate route via the azygos vein, which becomes dilated in the process. Which of the following structures might it compress as a result?

Select one of the following:

  • trachea

  • root of the left lung

  • phrenic nerve

  • thoracic duct

  • descending aorta

Explanation

Question 50 of 119

1

Elevated systolic blood pressure in the right ventricle suggests stenosis of which valve?

Select one of the following:

  • Aortic

  • Mitral

  • Pulmonary

  • Tricuspid

Explanation

Question 51 of 119

1

You are called to perform thoracentesis (remove fluid from the pleural cavity). If you are to avoid injuring lung or neurovascular elements. where would you insert the aspiration needle?

Select one of the following:

  • the top of interspace 8 in the midclavicular line

  • the bottom of interspace 8 in the midclavicular line

  • the top of interspace 9 in the midaxillary line

  • the bottom of interspace 9 in the midaxillary line

  • the top of interspace 11 in the scapular line

Explanation

Question 52 of 119

1

The pleural space into which lung tissue just above the cardiac notch would tend to expand during deep inspiration is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior mediastinum

  • Costodiaphragmatic recess

  • Costomediastinal recess

  • Cupola

  • Pulmonary ligament

Explanation

Question 53 of 119

1

Which vessel courses across the mediastinum in an almost horizontal fashion?

Select one of the following:

  • Left subclavian artery

  • Left subclavian vein

  • Left brachiocephalic vein

  • Left internal jugular vein

  • Left common carotid artery

Explanation

Question 54 of 119

1

An 8-year-old boy is found to have a mid-line tumor of the thymus gland that is impinging posteriorly on a blood vessel. The affected vessel is most likely the:

Select one of the following:

  • left brachiocephalic vein

  • left pulmonary vein

  • left bronchial vein

  • right pulmonary artery

  • right superior intecostal vein

Explanation

Question 55 of 119

1

Sympathetic fibers in the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve arise from neuron cell bodies found in the:

Select one of the following:

  • brainstem

  • celiac ganglion

  • chain ganglion

  • spinal cord

  • superior mesenterric ganglion

Explanation

Question 56 of 119

1

Gray rami communicantes contain postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate which of the following structures in the thoracic region?

Select one of the following:

  • aorta

  • heart

  • lung

  • sweat glands

  • trachea

Explanation

Question 57 of 119

1

In the midregion of the thorax the thoracic duct lies immediately posterior to the:

Select one of the following:

  • aorta

  • azygos vein

  • esophagus

  • superior vena cava

  • trachea

Explanation

Question 58 of 119

1

Lymph nodes can be found in which mediastinal compartments?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior

  • Middle

  • Posterior

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 59 of 119

1

A tumor of the posterior mediastinum is most likely to compress which of the following structures?

Select one of the following:

  • Arch of the aorta

  • Esophagus

  • Inferior vena cava

  • Pulmonary trunk

  • Trachea

Explanation

Question 60 of 119

1

The aorta is located in which mediastinal compartments?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior only

  • Anterior and middle

  • Middle only

  • Middle and posterior

  • Posterior only

Explanation

Question 61 of 119

1

While performing transesophageal echocardiography on a patient, the posterior wall of the esophagus, immediately behind the left atrium, was punctured from within. The patient subsequently developed an infection in the Space around the esophagus at this point, namely the:

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior mediastinum

  • Middle mediastinum

  • Posterior mediastinum

  • Superior mediastinum

Explanation

Question 62 of 119

1

Since the puncture in the previous question was through the posterior wall of the esophagus, the doctors were also very concerned about possible damage to a thin-walled vessel just behind the esophagus and between the azygos vein and aorta, i.e., the:

Select one of the following:

  • Hemiazygos vein

  • Left bronchial vein

  • Left pulmonary vein

  • Superior vena cava

  • Thoracic duct

Explanation

Question 63 of 119

1

During a surgical procedure, a patient’s right sympathetic trunk was accidentally severed just cranial to the level of spinal nerve T1. Which function would be left intact in the affected region?

Select one of the following:

  • Arrector pili muscle activity

  • Dilation/constriction of blood vessels

  • Sweat production

  • Visceral reflex activity

  • Voluntary muscle activity

Explanation

Question 64 of 119

1

Most of the drainage of the thoracic body wall reaches the superior vena cava via the azygos vein. A notable exception is the left superior intercostal vein, which normally drains into the:

Select one of the following:

  • Left brachiocephalic vein

  • Left bronchial vein

  • Left pulmonary vein

  • Left subclavian vein

  • Superior vena cava

Explanation

Question 65 of 119

1

You are observing a physician perform a thoracoscopic procedure. She pushes the deflated lung anteroinferiorly and points out a nervous structure lying across the heads of the ribs. You identify this structure as the

Select one of the following:

  • Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

  • Sympathetic trunk

  • Phrenic nerve

  • Pulmonary plexus

  • Vagus nerve

Explanation

Question 66 of 119

1

An enlarging lymph node gradually constricts the flow of blood in the azygos venous arch. Which vessel would enlarge as a result of collateral drainage?

Select one of the following:

  • Superior vena cava

  • Inferior vena cava

  • Internal thoracic vein

  • Right brachiocephalic vein

  • Superior epigastric vein

Explanation

Question 67 of 119

1

A cancerous growth from the body of the 9th thoracic vertebra exerts pressure anterolaterally. Which structure lies in direct contact with this growth?

Select one of the following:

  • Right vagus nerve

  • Right phrenic nerve

  • Right sympathetic trunk

  • Right greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

  • Right 9th intercostal nerve

Explanation

Question 68 of 119

1

A 45-year-old female patient complains of excessive sweating on the right side of the face and neck and in the right armpit region, where it leaves her clothing constantly stained with moisture. It is now such a terrible social embarrassment that she has become withdrawn and self-conscious. Since no medical treatment has proven effective, she is considering surgical denervation of the sweat glands in the affected areas. Which structure(s) might be removed or cut in order to alleviate her condition?

Select one of the following:

  • Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

  • Dorsal roots of cervical nerves

  • Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve

  • Lumbar sympathetic trunk

  • Vagus nerve

Explanation

Question 69 of 119

1

The mammary gland

Select one or more of the following:

  • consists of 10-20 simple glands

  • consists of 50-70 simple glands

  • lies on the deep layer of fascia pectoralis

  • lies between the deep and superficial layer of fascia pectoralis

  • lies on the superficial layer of fascia pectoralis

Explanation

Question 70 of 119

1

The average female breast

Select one or more of the following:

  • never extends laterally over the serratus anterior muscle

  • has a separate duct for each lobe opening on to the nipple

  • develops a large amount of secretory tissue at puberty

  • has a lymphatic drainage mainly going direct to the infraclavicular lymph nodes

  • is developmentally a collection of modified sweat glands

Explanation

Question 71 of 119

1

The blood supply of the mammary gland includes the following arteries:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. thoracica interna

  • a. tharacica lateralis

  • a. thoracica externa

  • a. thoracica medialis

  • aa. intercostales posteriores

Explanation

Question 72 of 119

1

*The structures that pass through quadrangular space are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. axillaris

  • n. axillaris

  • n. subscapularis

  • a. circumflexa humeri ant.

  • a. circumflexa humeri post.

Explanation

Question 73 of 119

1

*The anterior wall of fossa axillaris comprises:

Select one or more of the following:

  • m. pectoralis minor

  • m. pectoralis major

  • m. subclavius

  • m. serratus ant.

  • m. deltoideus

Explanation

Question 74 of 119

1

*The medial cord of the brachial plexus

Select one or more of the following:

  • gives a branch to the pectoralis major muscle

  • gives origin to the ulnar nerve

  • forms part of the median nerve

  • contains fibres of the fifth cervical spinal nerve

  • lies behind the axillary artery in part of its course

Explanation

Question 75 of 119

1

*The axillary nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • has no cutaneous branches

  • supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles

  • passes backwards inferior to the teres major muscle

  • contains fibres from the fifth and sixth cervical spinal nerves

  • is medial to the long head of the triceps muscle

Explanation

Question 76 of 119

1

*The pectoralis major muscle

Select one or more of the following:

  • is attached to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

  • is supplied by branches of the three cords of the brachial plexus

  • is a lateral rotator of the upper aim at the glenohumeral joint

  • is involved in flexion of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • is used in climbing a rope by means of the upper limb

Explanation

Question 77 of 119

1

*The approximate vertebral level of

Select one or more of the following:

  • the jugular (suprasternal) notch is the second thoracic vertebra

  • the sternal angle is the fourth thoracic vertebra

  • the xiphoid process of the sternum is the ninth thoracic vertebra

  • the lowest level of the costal (subcostal) margin is the third lumbar vertebra

  • the transpyloric plane is the first lumbar vertebra

Explanation

Question 78 of 119

1

*The posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Select one or more of the following:

  • contains fibres from only the seventh and eighth cervical spinal nerves

  • gives off a branch which joins the median nerve

  • is lateral to the axillary artery in the proximal part of its course

  • gives off branches which supply the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles

  • contains fibres which supply the muscles on the back of the forearm

Explanation

Question 79 of 119

1

*The median nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • arises by two roots, one from the lateral cord and the other from the medial cord of the brachial plexus

  • does not contain fibres originating in the first thoracic spinal nerve

  • lies medial to the axillary artery in the axilla

  • supplies all the fiexor muscles in the front of the forearm

  • is commonly the motor nerve to the abductor pollicis brevis muscle

Explanation

Question 80 of 119

1

*The upper trunk of the brachial plexus

Select one or more of the following:

  • contains fibres which supply the teres minor muscle

  • supplies muscles which abduct the upper limb at the shoulder joint

  • contains fibres which supply the skin on the proximal medial aspect of the upper limb

  • supplies some of the muscles which flex the upper limb at the shoulder joint

  • supplies muscles which produce medial rotation at the shoulder joint

Explanation

Question 81 of 119

1

*Foramen axillare laterale contains:

Select one or more of the following:

  • A. axillaris

  • N. axillaris

  • N. subscapularis

  • A. circumflexa humeri anterior

  • A. circumflexa humeri posterior

Explanation

Question 82 of 119

1

Which of the following statements are true or false?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The pleural cavity lies between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

  • The fluid in the pleural cavity lubricates the movement of the lungs

  • During the quite breathing the lungs fill the entire pleural sac within each they lie

  • On entering the lung the two main bronchi divide repeatedly to form smaller bronchi

  • The paired lungs are soft organs of respiration that occupy entirely the thoracic cavity

Explanation

Question 83 of 119

1

The heart

Select one or more of the following:

  • is a powerful pump that keeps the blood circulation

  • is situated within mediastinum

  • is enclosed within the pleura

  • wall is made up of three layers

  • is only divided into two atria

Explanation

Question 84 of 119

1

Regarding the surface projections on the chest:

Select one or more of the following:

  • The upper border of the heart projects on the chest wall at the level of the third ribs

  • The apex of the heart projects on the chest wall at 2cm medial to the midclavicular line in 3rd intercostal space

  • Cupula pleurae projects 4cm above the first rib anteriorly

  • The deepest point of pleural cavity is the costodiaphragmatic recess

  • The lower border of the lung projects posteriorly at the level of the 12th rib

Explanation

Question 85 of 119

1

The root of the right lung

Select one or more of the following:

  • lies opposite the bodies of the fifth, sixth and seventh thoracic vertebrae

  • has the vena azygos arching forwards inferior to it

  • has the phrenic nerve passing anterior to it

  • has the pulmonary ligament lying behind it

  • has the bronchus lying posterior to the pulmonary artery and vein

Explanation

Question 86 of 119

1

The left phrenic nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • is posterior to the thoracic duct

  • is posterior to the vagus nerve as they cross the arch of the aorta

  • has no branches in the thorax other than those supplying the diaphragm

  • does not give any branches to the right crus of the diaphragm

  • is posterior to the left brachiocephalic (innominate) vein

Explanation

Question 87 of 119

1

The left coronary artery

Select one or more of the following:

  • arises from the right posterior aortic sinus

  • lies between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle

  • has no anastomosis with the right coronary artery

  • gives off an anterior interventricular branch

  • gives branches to the sinu-atrial node

Explanation

Question 88 of 119

1

The diaphragm

Select one or more of the following:

  • moves vertically about 1-2 cm in quiet breathing

  • is innervated solely by the phrenic nerves

  • has a circular tendinous centre

  • forms an anatomical sphincter round the esophagus

  • has a motor nerve supply mainly from the fourth cervical segment of the spinal cord

Explanation

Question 89 of 119

1

The right main bronchus

Select one or more of the following:

  • has the azygos vein arching above it

  • is posterior to the ascending aorta

  • is at least 6 cm long

  • begins at the level of the third thoracic vertebra

  • is more vertical than the left main bronchus

Explanation

Question 90 of 119

1

The right atrioventricular valve

Select one or more of the following:

  • is related to an opening about 1.5 cm in diameter

  • has anterior, posterior and septal cusps

  • has three papillary muscles

  • is attached to a muscular ring which contracts during ventricular systole

  • is formed by cusps consisting largely of endothelium and fibrous tissue

Explanation

Question 91 of 119

1

In relation to the diaphragm

Select one or more of the following:

  • the inferior vena cava passes through its muscular part

  • the aorta passes behind it in the midline at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra

  • the subcostal nerve passes laterally behind the medial arcuate ligament

  • the esophagus passes through it at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra

  • the anterior and posterior gastric nerves pass through the esophageal opening

Explanation

Question 92 of 119

1

The left phrenic nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • is posterior to the subclavian artery

  • is anterior to the root of the left lung

  • is usually motor to both halves of the diaphragm

  • contains a majority of sensory fibres (about two-thirds)

  • is anterolateral to the arch of the aorta

Explanation

Question 93 of 119

1

A typical intercostal nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • is inferior to the intercostal vessels in the costal groove

  • is the anterior primary ramus of a thoracic spinal nerve

  • has a cutaneeus distribution limited to the skin of the side and from of the trunk

  • anteriorly contains postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres

  • contains sensory fibres supplying the visceral pleura

Explanation

Question 94 of 119

1

The left main bronchus

Select one or more of the following:

  • is longer than the right main bronchus

  • is more vertical than the right main bronchus

  • lies anterior to the left pulmonary artery

  • constricts the esophagus about 25 cm from the incisor teeth

  • contains smooth muscle innervated by branches of the vagus and sympathetic nerves

Explanation

Question 95 of 119

1

Inside the right atrium

Select one or more of the following:

  • the wall is ridged anteriorly and smooth posteriorly

  • the wall of the auricle is smooth

  • the opening of the superior vena cava has a valve

  • the opening of the coronary sinus has a valve

  • the fossa ovalis can be seen below the opening of the coronary sinus

Explanation

Question 96 of 119

1

The esophagus

Select one or more of the following:

  • commences about 25cm from the incisor teeth in the average adult

  • is constricted to some extent by the right main bronchus

  • is anterior to the thoracic aorta above the diaphragm

  • usually passes between the two crura of the diaphragm

  • has a sphincter at its lower end just below the diaphragm

Explanation

Question 97 of 119

1

On the mediastinal surface of the left lung

Select one or more of the following:

  • the left ventricle produces a depression in from of and below the hilum

  • there is a groove above the hilum for the vena azygos

  • the vague nerve passes anterior to the hilum

  • the main bronchus lies anterior to the pulmonary artery

  • the thoracic aorta lies behind the hilium

Explanation

Question 98 of 119

1

The fibrous pericardium

Select one or more of the following:

  • is firmly attached to part of the diaphragm

  • is continuous with the prevertebral cervical fascia

  • is innervated by only the vagus nerves

  • is separated from the sternum by pleura

  • is lined by epicardium

Explanation

Question 99 of 119

1

The arch of the aorta

Select one or more of the following:

  • usually extends upwards as far as thejugular (suprasternal) notch

  • is crossed anteriorly and to the left by the left phrenic nerve

  • lies in front and to the left of the bifurcation of the trachea

  • has the superficial cardiac plexus on its upper convex border

  • has the recurrent laryngeal nerve passing below it to the right of the ligamentum arteriosum

Explanation

Question 100 of 119

1

Sympathetic nerves in the thorax

Select one or more of the following:

  • supply the heart from the first four thoracic spinal segments

  • supply mainly postganglionic fibres to the coeliac ganglia

  • are vasodilator to the coronary arteries

  • cause constriction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi

  • give sensory fibres to the parietal pleura

Explanation

Question 101 of 119

1

The right phrenic nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • is formed mainly by a branch of the fourth cervical spinal nerve

  • is usually the only motor nerve of the right side of the diaphragm

  • is entirely a motor nerve

  • is lateral to the superior vena cava

  • is posterior to the suprascapular artery

Explanation

Question 102 of 119

1

The pleura

Select one or more of the following:

  • has the same surface markings as the lungs

  • is wholly innervated by both the intercostal and phrenic nerves

  • does not extend into the fissures of the lung

  • extends upwards into the neck above the medial third of the clavicle

  • is grooved in its uppermost part by the subclavian artery

Explanation

Question 103 of 119

1

The left vagus nerve

Select one or more of the following:

  • passes behind the root of the lung

  • enters the thorax medial to the left common carotid artery

  • is anterior to the left brachiocephalic (innominate) vein

  • is superficial to the phrenic nerve as they cross the arch of the aorta

  • in its thoracic part contains only motor nerve fibres

Explanation

Question 104 of 119

1

The right coronary artery

Select one or more of the following:

  • arises from the anterior aortic sinus

  • fibres between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk

  • supplies the right atrium

  • gives off a posterior intraventricular branch

  • takes part in the blood supply of the sinu-atrial node

Explanation

Question 105 of 119

1

The trachea

Select one or more of the following:

  • usually bifurcates at the level of the intervertebral disc between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebra

  • has deep cardiac plexus anterior to its bifurcation

  • has in the neck the reccurent laryngeal nerves posterior to its lateral borders

  • contains complete rings of hyaline cartilage

  • contains complete rings of circular smooth muscle

Explanation

Question 106 of 119

1

With the heart in its usual position in the body

Select one or more of the following:

  • the left ventricle forms most of the anterior surface

  • the right border is formed by the right atrium

  • no part of the left atrium can be seen on its anterior aspect

  • the pulmonary artery lies anterior and to the right of the ascending aorta

  • the apex lies approximately in the fifth left intercostal space 8cm from the midline

Explanation

Question 107 of 119

1

The oesophagus

Select one or more of the following:

  • begins at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra

  • enters the abdomen at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra

  • is crossed anteriorly by the thoracic duct

  • is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium

  • has an outer longitudinal coat consisting, along its whole length, of striated muscle

Explanation

Question 108 of 119

1

Parasympathetic nerves in the thorax

Select one or more of the following:

  • cause contraction ofthe muscle in the lung

  • supply sensory fibres to the lung

  • are secretomotor to the oesophagus

  • cause the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus to relax

  • supply sensory fibres to the pericardium

Explanation

Question 109 of 119

1

The following elements are part of posterior mediastinum:

Select one or more of the following:

  • esophagus

  • aorta thoracica

  • trachea and its bifurcation

  • phrenic nerve

  • ductus thoracicus

Explanation

Question 110 of 119

1

The following elements are part of middle mediastinum:

Select one or more of the following:

  • aorta ascendens

  • aortic arch

  • truncus pulmonalis

  • n. vagus

  • lower half of the superior vena cava

Explanation

Question 111 of 119

1

The following elements are part of the root of the lung:

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. pulmonalis

  • superior vena cava

  • vv. pulmonales

  • n. phrenicus

  • main bronchus

Explanation

Question 112 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Match each numbered term with the most proper lettered one
A. Medial Cord (Fasciculus medialis) ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ), ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 ), ( 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 ), ( 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 )
B. Lateral cord (Fasciculus lateral) ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ), ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
C. Posterior Cord (Fasciculus posterior) ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ), ( 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )

1. Musculotaneous nerve
2. Ulnar nerve
3. Radial nerve
4. Lateral root of the median nerve
5. Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
6. Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
7. Medial root of the median nerve
8. Axillary nerve

Explanation

Question 113 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Regarding the three parts of the axillary artery match the part and the branches
A. in trigonum clavipectoralis (first part) ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 ), ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 )
B. in trigonum pectorale (second part) ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 )
C. in trigonum subpectorale (third part) ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ), ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 ), ( 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )

1. Anterior humeral circumflex a.
2. Thoraco-acromial a.
3. lateral thoracic a.
4. Posterior humeral circumflex a.
5. Superior thoracic a.
6. Subscapular a.

Explanation

Question 114 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

A. lnfraclavicular region ( 2, 1, 3 )
B. Mammary region ( 1, 2, 3 )
C. Axilla ( 3, 1, 2 )

1. Between 3rd and 6th ribs
2. Between clavicle and 3rd rib
3. Between ant. and post. axillary lines

Explanation

Question 115 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Which of the following A to F is. associated with 1 to 6?
A. Beginning of brachiocephalic (innominate) vein ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 )
B. Division of trachea ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 )
C. Inferior vena cava enters thorax ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 )
D. Right atrioventricular orifice ( 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
E. Esophagus enters abdominal cavity ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 )
F. None of these ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 )

1. Level of tenth thoracic vertebra
2. Level of eight thoracic vertebra
3. Manubriosternal joint
4. Sternoclavicular joint
5 . Seventh costal cartilage
6. Fourth costal cartilage

Explanation

Question 116 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Which of the following A to F is commonly used for the surface marking of 1 to 6?
A. Fourth right costal cartilage ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 )
8. Fifth left intercostal space ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 )
C. Body of sternum ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 )
D. Fourth left costal cartilage ( 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
E. Manubriosternal joint ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 )
F. None of these ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 )

1. Apex of heart
2. Valves of heart
3. Division of trachea
4. Horizontal (transverse) fissure of lung
5. Cardiac notch
6. Arch of aorta

Explanation

Question 117 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Match the anatomical region on the right with the appropriate element on the left:
A. Thymus ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
B. N. Splanchnicus major ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
C. A. Facialis ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
D. Ligg. Sternopericardiaca ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
E. Aorta Ascendens ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )

1. Mediastinum superius
2. Mediastinum anterius
3. Mediastinum medius
4. Mediastinum posterius
5. Trigonum submandibulare

Explanation

Question 118 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Match the anatomical region on the left with the appropriate element on the right:
A. Superior mediastinum ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
B. Anterior mediastinum ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
C. Root of the lung ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
D. Middle mediastinum ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
E. Posterior mediastinum ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )

1. Sternopericardiac ligaments
2. Left auricle
3. Esophagus
4. Pulmonary artery
5. Thymus

Explanation

Question 119 of 119

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Match the anatomical region on the left with the most appropriate element on the right:
A. Superior mediastinum ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
B. Anterior mediastinum ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
C. Root of the lung ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
D. Middle mediastinum ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
E. Posterior mediastinum ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )

1. Bronchus principalis
2. Arcus aortae
3. N. splanchnicus major
4. A. thoracica interna
5. Aorta ascendens

Explanation

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