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motor system
types of muscles
types of striated muscles
neuromuscular junction
myasthenia gravis
proprioceptor
muscle spindle
patellar tendon reflex
golgi tendon organs
joint receptors
reflexes
ballistic movement
descending tract of information into spinal cord
central pattern generators
motor program
saccade
feedback control
primary motor cortex
posterior parietal cortex
primary somatosensory cortex
prefrontal cortex
premotor cortex
supplementary motor cortex
mirror neurons
parietal cortex
corticospinal tracts
lateral corticospinal tract
medial corticospinal tract
stroke damages primary motor cortex of the left hemisphere
cortico-rubro-spinal tract
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal
tectospinal
cerebellum
structure of the cerebellar cortex
how the cerebellum works
basal ganglia
types of cycles
endogenous circadian rhythm
free-running rhythm
zeitgerber
jet lag
entrain
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
pineal gland
How does light reset the SCN?
Per and Tim
sleep
coma
vegetative state
electromyogram (EMG)
electroculogram (EOG)
electroencelphalogram (EEG)
alpha waves
stage 1 sleep
stage 2 sleep
sleep spindle
K-complex
stage 3 and stage 4
paradoxical sleep
structure of sleep
cut through the midbrain (separate the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lower structures)
pontomesencephalon
locus coeruleus
histamine
orexin
basal forebrain
PGO waves
pons
brain structures for arousal and sleep
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolep1sy
periodic limb movement disorder
REM behavior disorder
night terrors
passive sleep
active sleep
cerveau isole
encephale isole
2 main theories of sleep
caffeine
Hess
reticular formation
FTG neurons
locus coeruleus
raphe
awake place in hypothalamus
sleeping place in hypothalamus
adenosine
activation-synthesis hypothesis
clinico-anatomical hypothesis
hippocampus
homeostasis
set point
negative feedback
allostasis
Q10
how heat moves
basal metabolism
poikilothermic
torpor
homeothermic
preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH)
Fever
How do animals maintain set points?
rete mirabile
What are the two ways we constantly lose water?
vasopressin
where water is found in the body
how water is absorbed
osmotic pressure
OVLT (organum vasculosum laminae terminalis) and subfornical organ (SFO)
what causes thirstiness
supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
lateral preoptic area (LLPO)
hypovolemic thirst
aldosterone
path of digestion
conditioned taste aversion
stomach
bariatric surgery
oral satiety cures
gastric satiety cues
vagus nerve
splanchnic nerves
duodenum satiety cues
insullin
glucagon
leptin
grehlin
paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
melanocortin
neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)
role of lateral hypothalamus releasing orexin
damage to lateral hypothalamus
how does the lateral hypothalamus contribute to feeding
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
lesion in preoptic area
lesion in lateral preoptic area
lateral hypothalamus
lesion to ventromedial hypothalamus
lesion to paraventricular nucleus
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