sexually dimorphic nucleus
how hormones work
cholestoral
estrogens increase sensitivity of ______?
sex hormones bind to receptors that increase responses of _____?
MPOA neurons release _____
dopamine
seretonin
How else do hormones affect people's brains?
menstrual cycle
how the cycle works
combination pill
periovulatory period
oxytocin
prolactin
vasopressin
types of ovulators
estrus cycle
menstrual cycle
steroid hormones
organizing effects of sex hormones occur mostly
early stage of prenatal development
SRY
Mullerian inhibiting hormone (MIH)
sensitive period
development cycle
gametes
sociobiology
female gametogenesis
sex determination study
androgen insensitivty
congenital adrenal hypertrophy (CAH)
diethyl sylvesterone (DES)
freemartin
difference between male and female brains
twin studies regarding homosexuality
Simon LaVay
gender identity
5 alpha-reductase 2
differences between homosexuals & heterosexuals
how does prenatal stress & alcohol alter brain development?
differences in brain structure between homosexual and heterosexual men
INAH 3
emotions
James-Lange theory
pure autonomic failure
limbic system
insular cortex / insula
behavioral activation system (BAS)
behavior inhibition system (BIS)
left vs right hemisphere
damage to the prefrontal cortex
What is an emotion?
amygdala
locked in syndrome
Cannon-Bard theory
Papez
monoamine oxidase A (MAO_A)
testosterone's effect on the brain
turnover
lowest serotonin turnover
nucleus accumbens
startle reflex
amygdala is important for startle reflex
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
amygdala neurotransmitters
benzodiazephines
GABA receptors
diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI)
Le Doux
conditioned emotional response
go step by step in output pathways that cause blinking, freezing, sympathetic NS, hormoned & lesion
lesion & their affects on fear
John Flynn
psychosurgery
Moniz
Walter Freeman
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcer
punishment
learning
types of stimulus
Thompson
cerebellum fibers
Thorndike
Skinner
engram
Lashley
lateral interpositus nucleus (LIP)
red nucleus
Wilder Penfield
G. A. Horridge
investigators believed that memory was coded as ?
Hebbian synapse
habituation
sensitization
long-term potentiation (LTP)
LTP has three properties that make it an attractive candidate for a cellular basis of learning and memory
long-term depression (LTD)
AMPA vs NMDA receptor
NMDA vs AMPA receptors
NMDA receptors
What happens when LTP occurs
retrograde transmitter
two theories of learning
aplysia
declarative memory
procedural memory
short-term memory vs long-term memory
working memory
delayed response task
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
episodic memories
people with amnesia
hippocampus & basal ganglia
emotional response enhances consolidation
Korsakoff's syndrome
amyloid-beta
parietal lobe damage
damage to the anterior & inferior regions of the temporal lobe
parts of cortex & relations with memory
reverberating circuit
one trial passive avoidance
electroconvulsive shock (ECS)
state dependent learning
symptoms of a stroke
types of stroke
tumor
Williams syndrome
language acquisition device
poverty of the stimulus argument
parts of brain essential to human language
Broca's area
Broca's aphasia
Wernicke's area
Wernicke's aphasia
dyslexia
dysphonetic dylsexics
dyseidetic readers