Life in Wartime Germany, 1939-1945

In the early stages of WWII, what was Hitler reluctant to do according to the historian, Gordon Craig (1978)?

When was food rationing introduced?

From the German point of view, what were the three stages of WWII?

When did Hitler commit suicide?

How did Helmut Krausnick described the public mood in regards to war in 1939?

What were the 4 reasons for the deterioration of civilian morale on the home front, 1942-1945?

What military defeats contributed to the deterioration of civilian morale?

How many of the servicemen killed during the whole war were killed between 1944-45 alone?

In 1945, how many civilians in eastern parts of Germany became refugees to escape the oncoming Red Army?

What did the Nazis do to overcome labour shortages in 1944?

When did rationing become increasingly severe?

Who attacked Germany from the air, 1943-1945?

Describe the statistics relating to Anglo-American strategic bombing
(Tonnes of bombs, civilians killed, civilians injured, homes destroyed, homeless)

What was alarming for the Nazi regime, in terms of workers?

Why did Goebbels' wartime propaganda fail to halt the decline in morale?

Where was Hitler during the war?

Who was Himmler and what was he appointed to in 1943?

What methods did Himmler introduce to keep the civilian population under control?

Give examples of daily dissident and and non-conformity acts of behaviour

Name 3 of the wartime resistance groups

What did the White Rose Group do and what happened to them?

What was the Kreisau Circle?

What was the Beck-Goerdeler Group?

How serious was wartime resistance to the Nazi regime?

When did Germany's rearmament and preparation for war begin?

What was the aim of the 4-year plan, launched in 1936?

What were the results of the 4-year plan?

When Germany attacked Poland in 1939, why were army chiefs worried about the ammunition?

What were 4 reasons for the low production levels?

Munitions shortages led to Fritz Todt's appointment as Armaments Minister. What did he do?

Who was Fritz Todt and what was he known for?

What happened to Todt in 1942?

What did Speer realise about German production compared to the enemies?

What were some of the plus points that Speer managed to do?

By how much did weapon production increase by under Speer?

What did Speer do with the polycratic system?

What system to Speer therefore introduce?

What were 4 strengths of the German war economy?

What were the 4 weaknesses of the German war economy?

How did Ian Kershaw describe Hitler's obsession with the Jews in 'Hitler 1889-1936'?

What was Hitler's assumption of the Jewish race?

What was Hitler's assumptions of the Jewish race based on?

When were the 3 waves of Nazi persecution of the Jews in the 1930s?

What happened to the Jews in late 1938?

Was there a settled anti-Jewish policy in Germany by 1939?

How many Jews were in Poland when Germany invaded in 1939?

Where else were there large numbers of Jews living, who became merciless to the Nazis?

When did Nazi anti-Jewish policy become more centred around genocide?

Who mainly ordered the mass executions of Jews during the invasions into Poland and Russia, and why?

How did Poland get divided after the invasion by Germany?

What did the SS hope to do with the Jews in Poland and who opposed this? What happened instead?

Where were some of the largest Polish-Jewish ghettoes?

What happened to many Jews in the ghettoes?

What was the SS' Operation Reinhard?

What was Operation Barbarossa?

Who were the Einsatzgruppen?

How many Jews were butchered by the Einsatzgruppen?

Did Hitler give an official directive for the genocide?

What did Adolf Eichmann (one of Heydrich's senior aides) claim after the war in regards to Hitler's wishes for Jewish destruction?

What happened at the notorious Wannsee Conference in January 1942?

Which concentration camp killed the most Jews?

What happened to the survivors of the extermination camps when the Red Army entered Poland in 1945?

What are the statistics for the Holocaust victims?