Bio 103 - Midterm Study Guide (PT. 1)

Question 1 of 43

1

Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes; roots in many disciplines and countries; growing and globalizing.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 2 of 43

1

What is the difference between "Nature vs. Nurture"?

Select one or more of the following:

NATURE is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.
NURTURE is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception.
NURTURE is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.
NATURE is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception.
There is no difference between the two.

Explanation

Question 3 of 43

1

Nurture works. . .

Select one of the following:

. . .on external factors.
. . .on what nature provides.
. . .on its own.

Explanation

Question 4 of 43

1

Biological influences involve genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors, and genes responding to the environment.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 5 of 43

1

Psychological influences do NOT involve learned fears, learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing, and perceptual interpretations.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 43

1

What are social-cultural influences?

Select one of the following:

presence of others, cultural societal, and family expectations, peer and other group influences, compelling models
genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors, genes responding to the environment
learned fears, learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing, and perceptual interpretations

Explanation

Question 7 of 43

1

What are the three Levels of Analysis? (The Biopsychosocial Approach)

Select one or more of the following:

Environmental Influence, Social Influence, Cultural Influence
Biological Influence, Psychological Influence, Social-Cultural Influence
Biological Influence, Psychological Influence, Familial Influence

Explanation

Question 8 of 43

1

What are the three subfields of psychology?

Select one or more of the following:

counseling, clinical, psychiatrist
counseling, psychiatrist, operational
psychiatrist, psychologist, operational

Explanation

Question 9 of 43

1

What are the correct definitions of counseling, clinical, and psychiatric psychologists?

Select one or more of the following:

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY studies, assesses, but does not treat people with psychological disorders.
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY is a branch that assists people with problems in living (school, work, marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
PSYCHIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY is a branch of medicine that deals primarily with behavioral disorders; and is not typically practiced by licensed physicians.
PSYCHIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY is a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.
COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY is a branch that assists people with medical problems in living (physical trauma, post amputation, etc.) and in achieving greater quality of life.

Explanation

Question 10 of 43

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Explanation

Question 11 of 43

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Explanation

Question 12 of 43

1

Critical thinking examines theories, rewrites the theories, uses personal opinions, and evaluates evidence solely off of the opinions formed by the examining scientist.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 43

1

Which of the following is the correct way to conduct The Scientific Method (the method used by psychologists to conduct research)?

Select one of the following:

iterate, test, make an observation, form a hypothesis, ask a question, make a prediction
make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, make a prediction, test, iterate
ask a question, form a hypothesis, make an observation, test, make a prediction, iterate

Explanation

Question 14 of 43

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A is an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. A is a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

Explanation

Question 15 of 43

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A suggests fruitful ideas for future research, no generalizations, or universal truths. A is a self-reported data tool used to study participants and gather information about individuals. often involves new technology, does not control all factors, and describes and sometimes illuminates, but does not explain behavior.

Explanation

Question 16 of 43

1

What is a positive correlation? A negative correlation?

Select one of the following:

(>0 to +1.00); (<0 to -1.00)
(<0 to -1.00); (>0 to +1.00);

Explanation

Question 17 of 43

1

Description includes surveys and interviews; it is the best basis for generalizing because it forms a representative sample.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 43

1

Correlations are a measure of the differences in physical appearance of two factors, and are used to determine whether or not these two factors are the same materials.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 43

1

Correlation proves causation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 20 of 43

1

Experiments are meant for researchers to test a bunch of variables all at once to see what happens to them, variables are swapped and changed whenever it is necessary to the experiment.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 21 of 43

1

Behavioral Science is defined as. . .

Select one of the following:

. . .an emphasis on human growth, and potential. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the need for love, acceptance, and an environment that nurtures or limits growth.
. . .behavior scientifically defined, conditioned, observed, and measured. It was founded by Watson and Rayner, who championed the scientific study of behavior with their "Little Albert" experiment; fear can be learned.

Explanation

Question 22 of 43

1

Humanistic Perspective is defined as. . .

Select one of the following:

. . .behavior scientifically defined, conditioned, observed, and measured. It was founded by Watson and Rayner, who championed the scientific study of behavior with their "Little Albert" experiment; fear can be learned.
. . .an emphasis on human growth, and potential. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the need for love, acceptance, and an environment that nurtures or limits growth.

Explanation

Question 23 of 43

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is a study method that uses the technique of survey, question, read, retrieve, review.

Explanation

Question 24 of 43

1

Define learning.

Select one or more of the following:

The process of acquiring through experience.
The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
The processing of acquiring motor and neurological skills.

Explanation

Question 25 of 43

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events, founded by .

Explanation

Question 26 of 43

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher, associated with .

Explanation

Question 27 of 43

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is when higher animals, especially humans, learn without direct experience by watching and imitating others, associated with and his experiment.

Explanation

Question 28 of 43

1

We learn by replication.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 29 of 43

1

What is a Skinner Box?

Select one of the following:

An operant chamber for experiments that includes a bar that an animal presses to release a reward of food or water, as well as a device that records these responses.
An observational chamber for experiments that includes several dogs connected to saliva measuring devices. As a stimulant is presented, the dog begins to salivate in anticipation.
A small room that children are placed in after viewing an adult acting violently with a bobo doll. Once alone, the children will normally begin to mirror the adults actions, violently kicking and insulting the doll.

Explanation

Question 30 of 43

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

( Mirror Neurons, Observational Neurons, Stagnant Neurons, Modeling Neurons ) are frontal lobe neurons that scientists believe fire when a person performs certain actions or observes another person doing so; they provide a neural basis for everyday imitation and observational learning.

Explanation

Question 31 of 43

1

Modeling is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 32 of 43

1

If prosocial modeling can have prosocial effects, antisocial modeling can have antisocial effects. What are examples of prosocial and antisocial modeling?

Select one or more of the following:

A child learns empathy by watching a children's show.
A woman's shoe breaks, and now she brings a second pair of shoes everywhere she goes.
A dog runs into a glass door, and becomes wary of it being closed.
Abusive parents may have aggressive children.
An employee learns sales skills by copying their boss.
Watching violence may foster indifference in younger viewers.
Someone mugs a man in a dark alley, and now he avoids them.
A child receives a candy bar for doing a good deed, so they repeat the good deeds in the hope of getting more.

Explanation

Question 33 of 43

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

administers an undesirable consequence or withdraws something desirable to decrease the frequency of a behavior. A affects behavior by presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making that behavior less likely to happen in the future. A , removing a desired stimulus after a particular undesired behaviors is exhibited results in reducing that behavior in the future.

Explanation

Question 34 of 43

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

( Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization, Discrimination ) is the initial stage when one links a neural stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

Explanation

Question 35 of 43

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is the diminishing of a conditioned response, occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus.

Explanation

Question 36 of 43

1

What is a reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response?

Select one of the following:

acquisition
extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalization
discrimination

Explanation

Question 37 of 43

1

Generalization is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the unconditioned stimulus) and other irrelevant stimuli.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 38 of 43

1

Discrimination is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (which predicts the unconditioned stimulus) and other irrelevant stimuli.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 39 of 43

1

A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.

What is the neutral stimulus?

Select one of the following:

a dog barked
and then bit a child's leg
the child was very scared
when the child hears a dog bark again
they tremble with fear

Explanation

Question 40 of 43

1

A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.

What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Select one of the following:

a dog barked
and then bit a child's leg
the child was very scared
when this child hears a dog bark again
they tremble with fear

Explanation

Question 41 of 43

1

A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.

What is the unconditioned response?

Select one of the following:

a dog barked
and then bit a child's leg
the child was very scared
when this child hears a dog bark again
they tremble with fear

Explanation

Question 42 of 43

1

A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.

What is the conditioned stimulus?

Select one of the following:

a dog barked
and then bit a child's leg
the child was very scared
when this child hears a dog bark again
they tremble with fear

Explanation

Question 43 of 43

1

A dog barked and then bit a child's leg. The child was very scared. When this child hears a dog bark again, they tremble with fear.

What is the conditioned response?

Select one of the following:

a dog barked
and then bit a child's leg
the child was very scared
when this child hears a dog bark again
they tremble with fear

	Created by Ashley Spratlin about 3 years ago

A midterm study guide for Biology 103. Chapter 1 and the Learning Chapter.

Bio 103 - Midterm Study Guide (PT. 1)

Question 1 of 43

Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes; roots in many disciplines and countries; growing and globalizing.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 43

What is the difference between "Nature vs. Nurture"?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 43

Nurture works. . .

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 43

Biological influences involve genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors, and genes responding to the environment.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 43

Psychological influences do NOT involve learned fears, learned expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing, and perceptual interpretations.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 43

What are social-cultural influences?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 43

What are the three Levels of Analysis? (The Biopsychosocial Approach)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 43

What are the three subfields of psychology?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 43

What are the correct definitions of counseling, clinical, and psychiatric psychologists?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 43

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Explanation

Question 11 of 43

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Explanation

Question 12 of 43

Critical thinking examines theories, rewrites the theories, uses personal opinions, and evaluates evidence solely off of the opinions formed by the examining scientist.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 43

Which of the following is the correct way to conduct The Scientific Method (the method used by psychologists to conduct research)?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 43

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A is an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. A is a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

Explanation

Question 15 of 43

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 16 of 43

What is a positive correlation? A negative correlation?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 43

Description includes surveys and interviews; it is the best basis for generalizing because it forms a representative sample.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 43

Correlations are a measure of the differences in physical appearance of two factors, and are used to determine whether or not these two factors are the same materials.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 43

Correlation proves causation.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 43

Experiments are meant for researchers to test a bunch of variables all at once to see what happens to them, variables are swapped and changed whenever it is necessary to the experiment.

Select one of the following: