Soheila Amri
Quiz by , created more than 1 year ago

Based of PUM physiology presentations and own notes

9
0
0
Soheila Amri
Created by Soheila Amri over 2 years ago
Close

Noiceception

Question 1 of 35

1

Sherrington’s division of senses; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Exteroceptive, such as those that detect light, sound, odour, and tactile stimuli

  • Interoceptive, that detect events occurring in the interior of the organism.

  • Proprioceptive, exemplified by taste receptors, receptors in viscera;

  • Teleceptive (special) senses were excluded from above mentioned (vision, audition, olfaction, taste.

Explanation

Question 2 of 35

1

Sherrington’s division of senses - Choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Teleception - special senses

  • Interoception - deep sensation

  • Exteroception - cutaneous sensation

  • Proprioception - visceral sensation

  • Nociception - pain sensation

Explanation

Question 3 of 35

1

Head’s division of senses; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Epicritic – determined accurately, precisely; said of cutaneous nerve fibers sensitive to fine variations of touch (related to senses conducted in dorsal columns).

  • Protopraxic – diffused, not precise, such as pain and sense of warm temperature (conducted through anterolateral system)

  • Epicritic – diffused, not precise, such as pain and sense of warm temperature (conducted through anterolateral system)

  • Protopraxic – determined accurately, precisely; said of cutaneous nerve fibers sensitive to fine variations of touch (related to senses conducted in dorsal columns).

Explanation

Question 4 of 35

1

Sense of pain; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Perception of proprioceptive stimuli from skin and internal organs, resultant from physical damages or diseases.

  • Perception of nociceptive stimuli from skin and internal organs, resultant from physical damages or diseases.

  • Pain is unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual and/or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.

  • Sense of particular significance in biology of animals and humans, released as a warning signal.

  • Perception of teleceptive stimuli from skin and internal organs, resultant from physical damages or diseases.

Explanation

Question 5 of 35

1

Difficulties in assessment of pain; choose wrong

Select one or more of the following:

  • Pain cannot be evoked without direct stimuli

  • Allodynia - Pain produced by stimuli which usually do
    not elicit pain

  • Noxious stimuli present, but no pain felt.

  • Neuropathic pain - Pain initiated by primary lesion or
    dysfunction

Explanation

Question 6 of 35

1

Sense of pain; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Pain isn't a sensory phenomenon

  • Pain is the product of complex, central, nociception- induced processing, and not a primitive sensation (IASP).

  • Pain isn't an emotional experience

  • Pain is a conscious, aversive aspect of somatic awareness,

Explanation

Question 7 of 35

1

Sense of pain - features; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Adaptation phenomenon is observed

  • Produces specific emotional state related to fear, it is NOT modified by previous experience.

  • Produces several responses and reflexes preventing or reducing the influence of harmful, nociceptive factor and effects of its action (withdrawal reflex)

  • Plays warning function, signaling real or potential damage.

Explanation

Question 8 of 35

1

Factors affecting sense of pain; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Age - Younger people are more sensitive to pain

  • Gender - Males are more sensitive to pain

  • Age - Elder people are more sensitive to pain

  • Gender - Females are more sensitive to pain

Explanation

Question 9 of 35

1

Sense of pain - affecting factors; choose WRONG

Select one or more of the following:

  • Psychosocial factors

  • Fatigue – Humans often experience more pain when their body is stressed from lack of sleep.

  • Weather

  • Memory – How we have experienced pain in the past

Explanation

Question 10 of 35

1

Pain sensation does not depend on...?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Emotional status and type of personality,

  • Life experience

  • Functional status of entire PNS,

  • Acquired habits and education.

Explanation

Question 11 of 35

1

Pain threshold; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is elevated by muscular contraction or work

  • Is lowered by nociceptive action in other regions of the organism.

  • Is elevated by conc. of one’s attention on non- nociceptive stimuli like touch, visual or auditory sensation.

  • Is lowered by muscular contraction or work,

Explanation

Question 12 of 35

1

Pain; choose correct

Select one or more of the following:

  • Pain can be receptor dependant or independant

  • Fast pathway (12-30 m/s) built with myelinated Aδ- fibers responsible for „bright”, acute, sharp, easily localised pain – last short.

  • Slow pathway (12-30 m/s) built with myelinated Aδ- fibers responsible for „bright”, acute, sharp, easily localised pain – last short.

  • Fast pathway (0.5-2 m/s) built with unmyelinated C- fibers responsible for chronic, dull, intense, diffused, poorly localized and unpleasant filling – last long.

Explanation

Question 13 of 35

1

Division of pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Nociceptive system - System identifies are of damage (or potential damage)

  • Antinociceptive system - System of sensing, transmitting, recognizing and localizing of the nociceptive stimulus.

  • Antinociceptive system - modulating sense of pain at level of post. horn of spinal cord (peripheral modulation)

  • Nociceptive system - modulating sense of pain at various levels of spinothalamic tracts, thalamic nuclei & thalamo-cortical linkages (central modulation)

Explanation

Question 14 of 35

1

Division of pain; choose wrong

Select one or more of the following:

  • The closer to the brain the stimulus is applied, the greater the temporal separation of two components.

  • In the spinothalamic tract there are A-delta fiber types

  • Anterior horn of spinal cord conveys sensation of simple touch

  • Lateral side of the spinal cord conveys fast and slow pain (pain and temperature)

Explanation

Question 15 of 35

1

Division of pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Deep pain - is produced by chemical factors released in hypoxic muscles

  • Deep pain - is poorly localised, nauseating and associated with sweating and change in blood pressure.

  • Deep pain can be elicited from periosteum, ligaments, joints, fascias and blood vessels

  • Muscle pain is substernal pain in coronary disease and intermittent claudation

Explanation

Question 16 of 35

1

Choose correct match

Select one or more of the following:

  • A beta fibers - free nerve endings

  • A-delta and C - paciniform corpuscles and ruffini terminals

  • Type 4 (unmyelinated) fibers - free nerve endings

  • Type 3 (A-delta, myelinated) fibers - free nerve endings and some specialised endings

Explanation

Question 17 of 35

1

Choose correct about visceral pain

Select one or more of the following:

  • Visceral pain - Observed in torn ligaments and sore muscles

  • Visceral pain -released by chemical, mechanical and osmotic stimuli.

  • Visceral pain - Pain is poorly localised, but doesn't radiate.

  • Visceral pain - poorly localised, nauseating, associated with sweating, changes in blood pressure (hypotension)

Explanation

Question 18 of 35

1

Visceral Pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Visceral pain - deep somatic pain initiates reflex contraction of nearby skeletal muscles.

  • Visceral pain - goes through the ventral root ganglia to brain

  • Sensory neurons of the post. horn are not only converged by somatosensory protoneurons of skin sensation. They're converged by nociception originated from viscera.

  • Impulses conducted in visceral reflex arcs increase excitibility of neurons transmitting impulses from exteroceptors. They start to send nociceptive impulses

Explanation

Question 19 of 35

1

Visceral Referred Pain (VPR);

Select one or more of the following:

  • Divided into; Cervical, thoracic and lumbar

  • VRP areas of heart include left chest and left arm on medial side

  • VRP area of liver include right shoulder and clavicular area, as well as an area below the scapula

  • VRP of the stomach involves the lower back

Explanation

Question 20 of 35

1

Receptors of pain; correct features

Select one or more of the following:

  • No specialised receptor cells and they are slowly adapting receptors

  • Specialised receptor cells and they are slowly adapting receptors

  • No specialised receptor cells and they are rapidly adapting receptors

  • Free nerve endings sensitive to pain distributed in all the body organs (except for brain tissue and pulmonary parenchyma).

Explanation

Question 21 of 35

1

Receptors of pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Unimodal receptors located on Aδ-fibers - Thermoreceptors responding to high temperature.

  • Polymodal receptors located on C-fibers - Naked nerve endings responding to mechanical stimuli

  • Silent nociceptors - Stimulated by temperatures > 42?C , low pH, capsaicin and other chemicals.

  • RPV1 receptors (capsaicin receptor) - Respond to nocicceptive stimuli only when inflammatory substances are present.

Explanation

Question 22 of 35

1

Harmful factors of Nociceptive stimulus - choose WRONG

Select one or more of the following:

  • Hyperxemia (high O2 in tissues)

  • Physical trauma (mechanical, electrical or thermal damage)

  • Intrinsic chemicals (H+, K+, lactate, histamine, Ach, bradikinin, proteolytic enzymes, prostaglandins), capsaicin and extrinsic agents.

  • Inflammatory processes and neoplams

Explanation

Question 23 of 35

1

Substances producing pain VS facilitating pain; choose correct match

Select one or more of the following:

  • Facilitates pain - Bradykinin and leukotriens

  • Produces pain - Prostaglandins and cytokines (IL-1 & TNF-alpha)

  • Facilitates pain - SP and ATP

  • Produces pain - K+ and H+

  • Histamine is only facilitating pain, while serotonin only stimulates pain

Explanation

Question 24 of 35

1

Neurotransmitters of pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Substance P (SP)

  • Neurokinin A (NKA)

  • Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)

  • Dopamine

Explanation

Question 25 of 35

1

Neuromediators and functions- choose correct match.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Glycine - suppresses the transmission of pain signals in the dorsal root ganglion.

  • Substance P - peptide (11 amino acids) released by C fibers; associated with intense, chronic persistent ("bad") pain.

  • Glutamate- suppresses the transmission of pain signals in the dorsal root ganglion.

  • Glycine - dominant neurotransmitter when the threshold to pain is first crossed; associated with acute ("good") pain.

Explanation

Question 26 of 35

1

Afference of pain; General axons of dorsal horn neurons

Select one or more of the following:

  • Enter anterolateral system (lateral spinothalamic tract)

  • Enter anteromedial system (medial spinothalamic tract)

  • Enter posterolateral portion of the cord

  • Enter posteromedial portion of the cord

Explanation

Question 27 of 35

1

Afference of pain; Ascending fibers - Choose WRONG

Select one or more of the following:

  • Ascend to specific sensory relay nuclei of thalamus, to areas S1, S2 and cingulate gyrus

  • Ascend to Hypothalamus

  • Ascend to Cerebellum

  • Ascend to reticular nuclei of brain stem, tectal area of mesencephalon and periaqueductal gray.

  • Ascend to the midline and intralaminar nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and cortex

Explanation

Question 28 of 35

1

Afference of pain:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Spinal nerves - through VPM of thalamus to somatosensory cortex (3, 1, 2 Brodman’s area)

  • Trigeminal (cranial input) nerves - through VPL of thalamus to somatosensory cortex (3, 1, 2 Brodman’s area)

  • Trigeminal (cranial input) - nerves through VPM of thalamus to somatosensory cortex (3, 1, 2 Brodman’s area)

  • Spinal nerves - through VPL of thalamus to somatosensory cortex (3, 1, 2 Brodman’s area)

Explanation

Question 29 of 35

1

Afference of pain; lateral STT vs spinoreticular tract;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Lamina 1, 4 & 5 are origin of Lateral STT and Spinoreticulartract

  • Spino-reticular tract follows the somatotopic organisation

  • Lateral STT has bilateral body representation

  • Only Spinoreticular tract synapse in reticular formation

  • Spino-reticular tract has sub-cortical targets in autonomic centres, limbic system and hypothalamus

Explanation

Question 30 of 35

1

Afference of pain; lateral STT vs spinoreticular tract;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Lateral STT goes to VPL of the thalamic nuclei

  • Lateral STT has cortical location in parietal lobe (S1)

  • Spinoreticular tract goes to intralaminar and other midline nuclei of the thalamic nuclei

  • Spinoreticular tract has cortical location in parietal lobe (S1)

  • Role of Spinoreticular tract is dicriminative pain (quality, intensity & location)

Explanation

Question 31 of 35

1

Afference of pain; Slow (indirect) VS Fast (Direct)

Select one or more of the following:

  • Direct (fast) - Lateral STT

  • Direct (fast) - BIlateral

  • Indirect (slow) - Subcortical regions are Autonomic centres, limbic system, hypothalamus

  • Direct (fast) - perceives temperature and simple touch

  • Indirect (slow) - Thalamic nuclei is VPL

Explanation

Question 32 of 35

1

Modulation of pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Afferent stimulation from sensory protoneurons reduces the pain in mechanism of presynaptic inhibition, preventing of excessive release of SP.

  • Efferent stimulation from sensory protoneurons reduces the pain in mechanism of presynaptic inhibition, preventing of excessive release of SP.

  • Afferent stimulation from antinociceptive centres in nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and nucleus raphe magnus.

  • Efferent stimulation from antinociceptive centres in nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and nucleus raphe magnus.

Explanation

Question 33 of 35

1

Modulation of pain;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Antinociceptive system converging on dorsal horn are periaqueductal grey matter-nucleus raphe magnus - 5HT

  • Antinociceptive system converging on dorsal horn are Periaqueductal grey matter - ENK

  • Antinociceptive system converging on ventral horn are locus ceruleus - NE

  • Antinociceptive system converging on ventral horn are Periaqueductal grey matter - ENK

Explanation

Question 34 of 35

1

Modulation of pain; opioids

Select one or more of the following:

  • Met-enkephalin(Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) is a natural ligand

  • Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) is NOT a natural ligand

  • There are two natural ligands

  • Opioids bind to receptors on interneurons of the pain pathways in the CNS

Explanation

Question 35 of 35

1

Modulation of pain - opiods;

Select one or more of the following:

  • Enkephalins hyperpolarize the presynaptic membrane thus inhibiting it from transmitting these pain signals.

  • The enkephalin synapse with a dendrite or cell body.

  • Enkephalins are released at synapses of neurons involved in transmitting pain signals to the brain.

  • Enkephalins depolarise the presynaptic membrane thus inhibiting it from transmitting these pain signals.

Explanation

Previous
Check answer
Next