Through their research on human responses to physical stimuli, both Helmholtz and Fechner contributed to the beginning of:

Select one:
a. rationalism
b. materialism
c. psychophysics
d. comparative psychology

Which of the following approaches to psychology was most likely to reject the idea that mental events are an appropriate subject matter for study in psychology?

Select one:
a. empiricism
b. functionalism
c. cognitive psychology
d. structuralism

Structuralism is to __________ as functionalism is to __________.

Select one:
a. elements of consciousness; purpose of consciousness
b. introspection; consequences of behaviour
c. unobservable behaviour; consciousness
d. consciousness; memory

Rationalism is to _____________as empiricism is to ______.

Select one:
a. analysis; measurement
b. analysis; science
c. logic; observation
d. logic; function

If psychology can be defined as the science of behaviour and the mind, why are the data in psychology always drawn from behaviour?

Select one:
a. Behaviour can be influenced by physiology but the mind cannot.
b. Behaviour can be influenced by the environment but the mind cannot
c. Behaviour can be observed the mind cannot
d. All of the others

Psychology arose in the nineteenth century from developments in a number of areas, primarily:

Select one:
a. Philosophy and religion
b. Science and medicine
c. Culture and philosophy
d. Science and philosophy

The concept of natural selection is most important for psychologists interested in the ­­­­­­­­_____________________ of behaviour.

Select one:
a. Structure
b. Variation
c. Limitations
d. Functions

Is Psychology most closely related to:

Select one:
a. Chemistry
b. Biology
c. Philosophy
d. Sociology

Which is most accurate :

Select one:
a. Psychologists study the psyche
b. Psychologists study animal behaviour
c. Psychologists study mental processes and behaviour
d. Psychologists study human behaviour

Which of the of the following is NOT true:

Select one:
a. Structuralists are interested in the ‘what’ question
b. Functionalists are interested in the ‘why’ question
c. Psychologists use natural selection to inform their understanding of behaviour
d. Psychologists use introspection to study phenomenon

In psychological research, the term generalization refers to

Select one:
a. concluding that the results obtained from a sample can also be applied to the larger population
b. obtaining a broad understanding of how different variables are related to each other
c. how significant the results of the statistical analysis are
d. adding the results from one study to those from other studies

Mean is to __________ as standard deviation is to __________.

Select one:
a. inferential statistics; descriptive statistics
b. central tendency; variability
c. descriptive statistics; inferential statistics
d. variability; relations

Suppose that you conduct an experiment to study the effects of love on improving children's self concepts. To manipulate love, you allow a research assistant to hug each child after he or she has successfully completed a set of math problems. After the study is over, you ask the children if they felt loved during the study. They all say no. Apparently, your operational definition of your independent variable is

Select one:
a. unreliable
b. invalid
c. too subjective
d. not objective

Dr. Lemieux wants to determine if a group of participants reading on computer screens will read more pages of text in one hour than a group of participants reading on paper. She assigns students sitting at the front of the class to be in the "computer" condition and students at the back of the class to be in the "paper" condition. In this experiment seating location is

Select one:
a. the dependent variable
b. a confounding variable
c. the independent variable
d. an operational definition

Only __________ involve the manipulation of independent variables

Select one:
a. studies using naturalistic observation
b. experiments
c. case studies
d. correlational studies

Inferential statistics are useful in telling researchers whether the results of their experiments are

Select one:
a. due to chance
b. correlated with the results from other research
c. affected by confounding variables
d. important

A researcher has two groups of subjects- one that has been taught a memory aid and one that has not. Both groups are asked to learn a list of 20 nouns in two minutes, and both are then given a recall test. What is the independent variable?

Select one:
a. the number of words
b. whether or not the participants have been taught the memory aid
c. the amount of time participants took to complete the recall test
d. participants’ scores on the recall test

Suppose a researcher finds a correlation between the amount of time university students spend on Facebook (variable A) and the students grades (variable B). The researcher can reasonably conclude:

Select one:
a. that variable A influences variable B
b. that variable B influences variable A
c. that some unknown variable is affecting variable A and variable B
d. none of the above

Minor deception may be permitted in research providing there is __________ and __________.

Select one:
a. monetary remuneration; prior informed consent
b. no forseeable harm; there is a full debriefing
c. no confounding; information is confidential
d. prior informed consent; no forseeable harm

The first step of the scientific method specifies that a researcher

Select one:
a. formulate a hypothesis
b. determine the subjects he/she would like to use in the experiment
c. collect the data for the study
d. design the study
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