Rachael Martin
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Quiz on PSY4270, created by Rachael Martin on 05/11/2022.

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Rachael Martin
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PSY4270

Question 1 of 122

1

Sally has developed an intervention to support people who have recently experienced a stroke. The intervention focuses on helping these people improve their impulsivity. What area of practice would this intervention likely fall under?

Select one of the following:

  • Clinical

  • Forensic

  • Health

  • Neuropsychology

Explanation

Question 2 of 122

1

In which part of the assessment process would you assess your suitability to manage the client and their presenting problems?

Select one of the following:

  • Referral

  • Intake

  • First session

  • After assessment

Explanation

Question 3 of 122

1

Greg is pretty certain that one of his clients has schizophrenia. To confirm this, he administers two different measures of schizophrenia (PANSS & SAPS). This is an example of multiple tests being

Select one of the following:

  • Additive

  • Confirmatory

  • Congruent

  • Complementary

Explanation

Question 4 of 122

1

Sarah has a client who is experiencing general issues in their cognitive functioning. She decides that she will administer two different scales from the WAIS to get a better idea of where the specific deficits may lie. This is an example of multiple tests being

Select one of the following:

  • Additive

  • Confirmatory

  • Congruent

  • Complementary

Explanation

Question 5 of 122

1

Lucy is a 14-year-old girl who has been brought in for her first psychology appointment. During the session, she tells the psychologist that she has not been eating at all, and that she has been hallucinating severely. However, when the psychologist talks to Lucy's parents, they note no perceptual disturbances, and say that she eats 3 meals per day. Assuming the parents are telling the truth, what is this an example of?

Select one of the following:

  • Incongruence

  • Deception

  • Malingering

  • Inter-rater reliability

Explanation

Question 6 of 122

1

Ella administers two tests to her client. One measures social anxiety symptoms, and the other measures avoidance behaviours. She finds that the two measures are highly correlated with each other. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Convergent validity

  • Convergent reliability

  • Divergent validity

  • Divergent reliability

Explanation

Question 7 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT a consideration when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients?

Select one of the following:

  • Ensure relevant cultural training before assessment

  • Document limitations of protocol for working in this population

  • Recognise and document the impact of language & non-verbal communication

  • Ensure that labels are used when interpreting results to improve clarity

Explanation

Question 8 of 122

1

Kelly is developing a new measure for BPD symptoms. This measure is an interview, and has no prescribed structure or questions, but it covers the key domains of BPD. What is a limitation of this type of measure overall?

Select one of the following:

  • Time-consuming

  • Costly

  • Does not answer differential diagnosis questions

  • Vulnerable to interviewer bias

Explanation

Question 9 of 122

1

Debbie asks her client to rate their sleep quality on a scale from 1 to 10. What type of measure is this?

Select one of the following:

  • Structured interview

  • Semi-structured interview

  • Spoken questionnaire

  • Subjective unit of distress

Explanation

Question 10 of 122

1

In which stage of the clinical interview process would you provide follow up contacts, acknowledge the distress of the client, and check if anything important was missed?

Select one of the following:

  • Prior to the interview

  • Starting the interview

  • Ending the interview

  • Middle of the interview

Explanation

Question 11 of 122

1

Mel has a client with anxiety, who is saying that she is worried that everyone will laugh at her for a scab she has on her face. Mel asks her client, 'Would you laugh at your friend if you saw they had a scab on their face?' and the client says 'Well, no that would just be mean'. Mel points out this discrepancy to her client, to which she concedes that maybe her thought is irrational. This is an example of which face to face interview skill?

Select one of the following:

  • Active listening

  • Questioning

  • Confrontation

  • Clarification

Explanation

Question 12 of 122

1

Which interview skill is typically avoided, but can be therapeutic in certain settings?

Select one of the following:

  • Humour

  • Self-disclosure

  • Containment

  • Confrontation

Explanation

Question 13 of 122

1

Laura is conducting an MSE and asks her client, 'Say you wanted to buy a car, how would you do that?'. Which section of the MSE is she assessing with this question?

Select one of the following:

  • Thought content

  • Thought form

  • Cognition

  • Judgement

Explanation

Question 14 of 122

1

Laura is conducting an MSE. She asks her client 'What do you do for work?' and the client responds with 'My favourite food is pasta'. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Tangentiality

  • Flight of ideas

  • Derailment

  • Circumstantial thinking

Explanation

Question 15 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the MSE?

Select one of the following:

  • Lack of standardisation

  • Not sensitive to cultural issues

  • Adopts a spectrum model

  • Limited by time

Explanation

Question 16 of 122

1

Which of the following mental illnesses is generally the most common?

Select one of the following:

  • Borderline personality disorder

  • PTSD

  • Anorexia

  • Anxiety

Explanation

Question 17 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT a goal of assessment in psychopathology?

Select one of the following:

  • To trial a therapy technique in a clinical trial

  • Screening for a psych referral in a GP

  • Determining severity during intake

  • Forming a diagnosis

Explanation

Question 18 of 122

1

Lola has slow, impoverished speech, sad and teary affect, poor concentration, anhedonia, and recurrent thoughts of death. Which assessment measure would you use to assess her presenting complaint?

Select one of the following:

  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module A)

  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module B)

  • DASS

  • Hamilton scale

Explanation

Question 19 of 122

1

Jocelyn has a client presenting with a wide array of psychopathology. She wants to administer a quick measure to detect possible symptoms for further inquiry. Which measure should she use?

Select one of the following:

  • Cross-cutting symptom measure, level 1

  • Cross-cutting symptom measure, level 2

  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module A)

  • Structured clinical interview for DSMV (module B)

Explanation

Question 20 of 122

1

Poppy is a 17 year old girl who has been seeing a psychologist for assessment. Poppy's psychologist has come to the conclusion that she has BPD. What is a potential issue in telling Poppy this diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • She may be excluded from psychological services

  • She may feel more understood

  • She may join a support group

  • She may base her whole identity around her diagnosis

Explanation

Question 21 of 122

1

The sense of who you are in the past and the future is termed

Select one of the following:

  • Autonoetic awareness

  • Agnosia

  • Aphraxic awareness

  • Soraintisis

Explanation

Question 22 of 122

1

The current view of neuropsychology adopts a(n) ______ of the brain

Select one of the following:

  • Systems view

  • Individual view

  • Biomedical model

  • Biopsychosocial model

Explanation

Question 23 of 122

1

What was the focus of neuropsychology in the 1960s & 1970s?

Select one of the following:

  • Localising lesions to certain areas and forming diagnosis

  • Cognitive and behavioural expressions of brain damage and disease

  • Finding a cure for shell-shock, battle fatigue, and PTSD after WWII

  • Quantitative data and devising a systematic way of observing

Explanation

Question 24 of 122

1

Ingrid has been told that she should not only look at the score her clients get on assessment measures, but also the way in which they got to that score. This is an example of a(n)

Select one of the following:

  • Process approach

  • Standard battery approach

  • Outcome approach

  • Standardised approach

Explanation

Question 25 of 122

1

Attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed are all examples of

Select one of the following:

  • General aspects of function

  • Specific cognitive domains

  • Background of cognition

  • Neuropsychiatric decline

Explanation

Question 26 of 122

1

Which of the following describes the main outcome that neuropsychology assessment focuses on (in the context of memory impairment)?

Select one of the following:

  • Asking how a client's memory is, both generally and in specific situations

  • Asking a client's parent/friend how their memory is (e.g., how is your son's memory?)

  • Observing the client's memory skills as a clinician and noting this down

  • Understanding the client's point of view on their memory impairment, and the impact that common views about memory may have on the complaint

Explanation

Question 27 of 122

1

Relating to the previous question, what is the name given to the outcome most focussed on in neuropsychology assessment?

Select one of the following:

  • Patient-reported outcomes

  • Clinician-reported outcomes

  • Observer-reported outcomes

  • Performance-based outcomes

Explanation

Question 28 of 122

1

Polly is told a story and then is asked to recall it to the examiner. What is this measure testing?

Select one of the following:

  • Verbal memory

  • Executive functioning

  • Awareness of field

  • Attention

Explanation

Question 29 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT typically found in a neuropsychological report?

Select one of the following:

  • Diagnostic impressions

  • Record of observations

  • Synthesis of results

  • Medication recommendations

Explanation

Question 30 of 122

1

Hannah cannot prescribe medication, studies changes in thinking and behaviour from brain dysfunction, and is regulated by AHPRA. Which of the following describes Hannah's profession?

Select one of the following:

  • Neuropsychologist

  • Neuropsychiatrist

  • Behavioural therapist

  • Clinical psychologist

Explanation

Question 31 of 122

1

What neuropsychiatric symptom is most common in Huntington's disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Depression

  • Disinhibition

  • Behavioural inflexibility

  • Stumbling and clumsiness

Explanation

Question 32 of 122

1

Kris has a client who has recently been in a car accident and damaged their thalamus. Following this damage, Kris' client has been experiencing memory deficits similar to what is observed when the hippocampus is damaged. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Frontal lobe syndrome

  • Amnesia

  • Retrograde amnesia

  • Anterograde amnesia

Explanation

Question 33 of 122

1

Liz is a university student who recently experienced a transient ischaemic attack (i.e., miniature stroke). Following the stroke, Liz has been unable to manipulate information in her mind, and performs poorly on the digit span subtest of the WAIS. Which structure is likely damaged in Liz?

Select one of the following:

  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

  • Ventromedial cortex

  • Orbitofrontal cortex

  • Parietal lobe

Explanation

Question 34 of 122

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The current view of neuropsychiatry emphasises that behaviours are implemented in , not brain regions.

Explanation

Question 35 of 122

1

Bella is a neuropsychiatrist who has just received a referral for a new client. This client is experiencing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with frontal syndrome. If Bella wants to get a rich account of frequency for a small number of frontal syndrome symptoms, she should use the _______. However, if she wants to get information on 12 symptoms in terms of severity and frequency, she should use the _____.

Select one of the following:

  • Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale; UCLA Neuropsychiatric Inventory

  • UCLA Neuropsychiatric Inventory; Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale

  • Milner Behavioural Scale; Yale Neuropsychiatric Assessment

  • Yale Neuropsychiatric Assessment; Milner Behavioural Scale

Explanation

Question 36 of 122

1

Kiki is 55 and has been experiencing early-onset cognitive decline. She is in a loving relationship which is mostly healthy and stable. However, 1 year ago, Kiki got into an argument with her wife and threw a plate at her. This behaviour was described as 'very uncharacteristic' by both Kiki and her wife, and has not occurred again since. When Kiki and her wife came in for neuropsychiatric assessment, the clinician only administered measures that asked about Kiki's behaviour within the last 6 months, hence this incident was not raised. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Severity and frequency

  • Negative symptom assessment

  • Sampling frequency

  • Rater issues

Explanation

Question 37 of 122

1

Which treatment is typically used for the neuropsychiatric symptom of apathy?

Select one of the following:

  • Neuroleptics

  • Behavioural and family-based treatments

  • SRIs

  • No treatment

Explanation

Question 38 of 122

1

Bo wants to measure her client's difficulty with awareness of emotions, clearly understanding emotions, accepting emotions, impulsivity, and ability to engage in goal-directed behaviours. Which of the following scales would be useful in doing this?

Select one of the following:

  • Difficulties in emotion regulation scale

  • Conner's behaviour rating scale

  • Psychoeducational profile 3

  • Vineland-3

Explanation

Question 39 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of mindfulness?

Select one of the following:

  • We are not capable of developing sustained attention

  • Awareness makes life richer and more vivid

  • Mindfulness gives rise to veridically of perceptions

  • People generally operate on auto pilot

Explanation

Question 40 of 122

1

Peggy is mowing their lawn and finds themselves worrying about a job presentation that they have to do later that week. Peggy catches themselves doing this, and brings themselves back to the present moment. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Openness

  • Equanimity

  • Formal mindfulness

  • Informal mindfulness

Explanation

Question 41 of 122

1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding mindfulness-based interventions?

Select one of the following:

  • They can prevent or stop depressive thoughts

  • They are as effective as CBT for sleep, anxiety, and depression

  • They can increase brain age by up to 7.5 years

  • They aren't useful in the context of reducing relapse

Explanation

Question 42 of 122

1

Recent studies have found that the relaxation response from mindfulness elicits specific gene expression changes in short and long-term practitioners, which may lead to long-term physiological effects. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Epigenetics

  • Allostatic load

  • Open-monitoring

  • Focused attention

Explanation

Question 43 of 122

1

Which mode of mindfulness meditation promotes the generation of creative ideas?

Select one of the following:

  • Open-monitoring

  • Focused attention

  • Informal mindfulness

  • Formal mindfulness

Explanation

Question 44 of 122

1

Billy has been a psychologist for 50 years, and has been seeing a lot of support for mindfulness in both academia and commercial media. Despite this, Billy still thinks that mindfulness is a waste of time and is ineffective. What is this an example of?

Select one of the following:

  • Anchoring bias

  • Confirmation bias

  • Heuristic bias

  • Stereotyping

Explanation

Question 45 of 122

1

A psychologist that figures out the concern for the child and their well-being, and measures them against typical development milestones, likely works in the field of

Select one of the following:

  • Education & development

  • Forensic

  • Neuropsychology

  • Clinical

Explanation

Question 46 of 122

1

Tony is a 16-year-old boy who has a diagnosed intellectual disability. Lately, Tony has been experiencing significant periods of low mood, anhedonia, and loss of pleasure, and subsequently is isolating himself socially, which is uncharacteristic. When Tony's mother took him to see his psychologist, they simply said 'this is a usual part of intellectual disability, don't worry about it'. What has happened here?

Select one of the following:

  • Diagnostic overshadowing

  • Tony is experiencing adolescent symptoms of ID

  • Tony has autism, not ID

  • Developmental surveillance

Explanation

Question 47 of 122

1

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding ASD & ADHD?

Select one of the following:

  • They could not co-occur in the DSMIV

  • They both have a similar global prevalence

  • Echolalia can only occur in ADHD, not ASD

  • The SCAS is commonly used to differentiate ASD from ADHD

Explanation

Question 48 of 122

1

Daisy is a 6-year-old girl who has been brought in for psychological assessment. Upon assessment, it is apparent that Daisy is able to adequately express appropriate facial expressions and tone of voice, however her vocabulary is quite restricted. as she can only say a few phrases such as 'hungry', 'mum', and 'happy'. When Daisy is told to 'put the green block on top of the red block' she does so without issue. What disorder best fits Daisy's description?

Select one of the following:

  • Dyspraxia

  • Pragmatic language difficulty

  • Disordered expressive language

  • Intellectual disability

Explanation

Question 49 of 122

1

Caterina is a 21-month-old baby who has been brought in for a language assessment. The psychologist notes that Caterina enjoys peekaboo, can babble and say single words, communicates mainly through gestures, cannot say words yet, and responds to requests. She cannot point to pictures of body parts when asked, and does not know letter-sound associations. Two questions: a) What age range best fits this language ability? and b) Is Caterina's language ability typical for her age?

Select one of the following:

  • 12 to 24 months; Yes

  • 6 to 12 months; No

  • 4 to 5 years; No

  • 4 to 6 months; No

Explanation

Question 50 of 122

1

If you wanted to conduct a cognitive assessment in a child aged 6 years and 7 months, which tool would you use?

Select one of the following:

  • WPPSI-IV

  • WISC-V

  • WAIS-IV

  • Either the WPPSI or the WISC

Explanation

Question 51 of 122

1

Which of the following scales is a standardised measure of adaptive behaviour that can be used in children?

Select one of the following:

  • PEP-3

  • Vineland-3

  • Child behaviour checklist

  • All of the options are correct

Explanation

Question 52 of 122

1

A child who can let their parent know when they need to use the toilet and is able to discriminate between urination and bowel movements is likely

Select one of the following:

  • 1 year old

  • 1.5 years old

  • 2 years old

  • 2.5 years old

Explanation

Question 53 of 122

1

Franny is a 7-year-old girl who has been brought in by her foster parents for psychological assessment. Franny's foster parents are concerned that she has significant language delays and social difficulties. What is something that we would need to consider when assessing Franny?

Select one of the following:

  • Neglect and childhood trauma

  • Autism spectrum disorder

  • Specific language disorder

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Explanation

Question 54 of 122

1

At what age does object permanence typically occur?

Select one of the following:

  • 6 months

  • 9 months

  • 12 months

  • 2 years

Explanation

Question 55 of 122

1

Josie is a child who feels remorse, experiences nightmares and bedtime fears, is incapable of lying, and recently has been playing 'chef' where she completes short sequences of activity such as whisking and then putting her bowl in a pretend oven, which her parents think has been happening because they have all recently been watching Masterchef together. How old is Josie?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 years

  • 3 years

  • 4 years

  • 5 years

Explanation

Question 56 of 122

1

Robert is 17 years and 7 months and has recently completed a WAIS assessment. His psychologist is scoring the WAIS, and uses the scoring manual to convert Robert's raw scores into standardised scores and percentiles. His psychologist ensures to note the 95% confidence intervals and arrives at a final raw score of 46 for verbal comprehension, 21 for working memory, 44 for perceptual reasoning index, and 35 for processing speed. He then calculates a full-scale IQ, and accordingly interprets this according to the mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. What mistake has Robert's psychologist made in these calculations?

Select one of the following:

  • The mean is 110, not 100

  • The WAIS uses 90% confidence intervals, not 95%

  • The FSIQ is uninterpretable and should not be calculated

  • Robert is too young for the WAIS and should have completed the WISC

Explanation

Question 57 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the WAIS-IV?

Select one of the following:

  • Tells us about focal deficits and general level of cognitive functioning in everyday life

  • It is the most popular measure of intelligence testing

  • If there is more than 5 points difference within the raw scores of indices, then they are uninterpretable

  • There are 10 subtests which contribute to the final full-scale IQ

Explanation

Question 58 of 122

1

In educational and developmental psychology, diagnosis should lead to

Select one of the following:

  • assessment

  • treatment

  • exclusion

  • comorbidity

Explanation

Question 59 of 122

1

In developmental disorders, there are many interventions available specifically for people with ______, but not as many for people with ______.

Select one of the following:

  • ASD; ADHD

  • ADHD; ASD

  • Depression; anxiety

  • Anxiety; depression

Explanation

Question 60 of 122

1

What is the first line of treatment for ADHD?

Select one of the following:

  • ABA therapy

  • Medication

  • Social skills programs

  • Sensory diets

Explanation

Question 61 of 122

1

Harry was diagnosed with ADHD as a young child, and is now entering high school. He has recently been feeling very anxious, and is constantly worrying about what other people think of him. His parents brought him to you for psychological assessment, and you came to the conclusion that Harry has anxiety. What is an important aspect of Harry's treatment plan?

Select one of the following:

  • Psychoeducation

  • PEERs program

  • Westmead feelings program

  • Psychodynamic therapy

Explanation

Question 62 of 122

1

Fifi has developed a new intervention for children to improve their social skills. The intervention begins by figuring out the child's goal, and then gets them to practice their social skills in natural environments, involving many repetitions and scaffolded practice. This intervention is known as a _____, and according to Novak & Honan, is likely to be ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Top-down approach; ineffective

  • Top-down approach; effective

  • Bottom-up approach; ineffective

  • Bottom-up approach; effective

Explanation

Question 63 of 122

1

Which broad class of interventions are most important in children aged 0 to 6 years (i.e., preschool age)?

Select one of the following:

  • Family

  • Child

  • Community

  • Cognitive behavioural

Explanation

Question 64 of 122

1

Which of the following is a controversial, intensive behaviour therapy, that is labelled by the ASD community as abusive and unethical?

Select one of the following:

  • ABA therapy

  • PEERs

  • Secret agent society

  • Animal therapy

Explanation

Question 65 of 122

1

What is often stressed in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders and is important to reduce the negative developmental impacts of preschool, childhood, and adulthood problems?

Select one of the following:

  • Early intervention

  • Social skills training

  • Medication

  • Holistic intervention

Explanation

Question 66 of 122

1

A forensic psychologist is assessing a new client of theirs for recidivism, and notes that they are 23, male, vegetarian, impulsive, and currently intoxicated. Which of these factors would be assessed through an actuarial tool?

Select one of the following:

  • Male and 23

  • Vegetarian

  • Impulsivity and current intoxication

  • None of these would be assessed through actuarial tools as they are not associated with increased recidivism.

Explanation

Question 67 of 122

1

A forensic assessment tool that gives more nuanced information, assesses dynamic risk factors, considers individual people and characteristics, and takes 2 to 3 hours to complete, is likely to be a(n)

Select one of the following:

  • Actuarial tool

  • Structured professional judgement tool

  • Comprehensive forensic evaluation tool

  • Case formulation tool

Explanation

Question 68 of 122

1

Kelsey has recently been arrested for the third time, after stealing from Sephora. She has been stealing from Sephora for many years now, despite previous punishment. When asked about why she continues to steal from Sephora, Kelsey says she doesn't have enough money to buy makeup, and that she still deserves to look nice. This lack of money is an example of a

Select one of the following:

  • Clinical perpetuating factor

  • Forensic perpetuating factor

  • Clinical precipitating factor

  • Forensic precipitating factor

Explanation

Question 69 of 122

1

The focus of _______ is on addressing offence-specific behaviour and reducing reoffending, with the ultimate aim of reintegration.

Select one of the following:

  • forensic interventions

  • forensic assessments

  • clinical interventions

  • clinical assessments

Explanation

Question 70 of 122

1

In the 1960s and 1970s, rehabilitation programs for people who had offended fell out of favour, with most people today still thinking that those in forensic settings are treatment resistant. The w8 lecture refers to this as

Select one of the following:

  • The 'nothing works' mentality

  • The discrimination against offenders

  • The 'war against crime'

  • The 'recidivism crisis'

Explanation

Question 71 of 122

1

Which RNR principle surrounds directing intensive services to higher-risk offenders and minimising services to low-risk offenders?

Select one of the following:

  • Risk principle

  • Needs principle

  • Responsivity principle

  • Rehabilitation principle

Explanation

Question 72 of 122

1

Marshall and colleagues found in their 2002 paper that a(n) ________ approach is generally detrimental to treating recidivism in forensic contexts

Select one of the following:

  • punitive

  • firm but supportive challenging

  • group-led

  • individual

Explanation

Question 73 of 122

1

Henwood and colleagues' 2015 paper found that _______ appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of violent recidivism, and that moderate-intensity plans were more effective than _____ programs for violence reduction.

Select one of the following:

  • CBT anger management programs; low-intensity

  • CBT anger management programs; high-intensity

  • Group-led behavioural programs; low-intensity

  • Group-led behavioural programs; high-intensity

Explanation

Question 74 of 122

1

Which of the following is true about the law?

Select one of the following:

  • Stresses certainty

  • Emphasises determinism

  • Academic

  • Group focused

Explanation

Question 75 of 122

1

I am running late for a class on campus and decide to litter as I am stressed that I won't make it to class on time if I walk all the way to the bin. In this example, my littering is ______, and my stressed feelings are ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Covert; overt

  • Overt; covert

  • Conscious; unconscious

  • Unconscious; conscious

Explanation

Question 76 of 122

1

The assumption of behaviour and behavioural interventions that stresses the need to rule out simple, logical explanations before considering abstract, complex ones is called

Select one of the following:

  • Parsimony

  • Philosophic doubt

  • Lawful

  • Empirical

Explanation

Question 77 of 122

1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding behaviourism?

Select one of the following:

  • Thoughts and feelings are not accounted for

  • Behaviourism is deterministic

  • Dispositions do not matter

  • There is an idiographic focus

Explanation

Question 78 of 122

1

Kim is currently studying at law school, and is doing really well on her assessments. However, she consistently stresses as she believes that she is 'too dumb for law' and thinks that she will fail the bar. This is an example of what type of complex behaviour?

Select one of the following:

  • Cognitive-verbal

  • Physiological-affective

  • Overt-motor

  • Inappropriate behaviour

Explanation

Question 79 of 122

1

Kai is a 16-year-old boy who spends most of his time playing Minecraft, to the point where he neglects his school work. This behaviour could be described as a typical example of adolescent ____

Select one of the following:

  • Behavioural deficiency

  • Behavioural excess

  • Inappropriate behaviour

  • None of these are correct, this behaviour is typically seen in children

Explanation

Question 80 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT something that is necessary when choosing a target behaviour for assessment?

Select one of the following:

  • Must be observable and measurable in regard to frequency, intensity, and duration

  • Must produce positive reinforcement in the client's natural environment after treatment

  • Alternative behaviours must exist if the target behaviour is a problem behaviour

  • Must be covert

Explanation

Question 81 of 122

1

Kourtney is a nurse working in an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. On her night shifts, Kourtney is required to check in on the patients every 25 minutes to ensure that they are sleeping. What type of behavioural assessment is this?

Select one of the following:

  • Continuous recording

  • Interval recording

  • Permanent product recording

  • Momentary time sampling

Explanation

Question 82 of 122

1

Kourtney got fired from her job as a nurse and is now working in a factory that produces lip gloss. Her boss measures her productivity by counting how many units of lip gloss Kourtney successfully packages per shift. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Continuous recording

  • Interval recording

  • Permanent product recording

  • Momentary time sampling

Explanation

Question 83 of 122

1

Gen is currently undergoing behavioural modification. Her psychologist is teaching her how to respond in specific contexts, such as when it is appropriate to swear (not in front of parents but ok for peers), when it is appropriate to eat with strict table manners (best for restaurants, strange in a home), and when it is appropriate to shake someone's hand (when meeting an acquaintance, not seeing a close friend). This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Stimulus discrimination

  • Stimulus generalisation

  • Continuous reinforcement

  • Variable ratio reinforcement

Explanation

Question 84 of 122

1

Anna is a recovering alcoholic. She has been attending alcoholics anonymous, and when she was 1 month sober she received a medallion. She then received a medallion for 6 months sober, 1 year sober, and hopes to receive the 5 year sobriety medallion next. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Continuous reinforcement

  • Differential reinforcement

  • Fixed interval reinforcement

  • Variable interval reinforcement

Explanation

Question 85 of 122

1

Which behaviours are the easiest to extinguish?

Select one of the following:

  • Those which have been continuously reinforced

  • Those which have been partially reinforced

  • Those which have been overcorrected

  • Those which have been variably reinforced

Explanation

Question 86 of 122

1

Services in the clinical-scientist model must satisfy a number of requirements. Which of the following is NOT one of these requirements?

Select one of the following:

  • Exact description of service provided

  • Claimed benefits are stated explicitly and validated scientifically

  • Empirical efficacy is above 90%

  • Possible negative side effects that could outweigh benefits are ruled out empirically

Explanation

Question 87 of 122

1

Clara wants to measure the efficacy of DBT for her clients with ADHD. She is working with another researcher to do this, and they each take a different approach. Clara ensures that her clients do not have any comorbidities that may influence the efficacy of the therapy (e.g., BPD, ASD), and conducts the sessions in a special research clinic with better resources. Clara's colleague does not apply any of these constraints, and simply administers DBT to her current clients with ADHD in her imperfect clinic. Clara is engaging in a(n) _______, whereas her colleague is conducting a(n) _______.

Select one of the following:

  • Effectiveness trial; practice-based evidence

  • Practice-based evidence; effectiveness trial

  • RCT; practice-based research

  • Practice-based research; RCT

Explanation

Question 88 of 122

1

Hailey finds a new intervention for ASD which has a few cohort studies supporting its use. Which level of evidence is this intervention?

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

Explanation

Question 89 of 122

1

Graham is on the review board which grades interventions on their evidence base. He is currently reviewing a new sleep intervention from America, and determining whether its evidence-base is relevant to Australian hospitals and clinics. Which aspect of the body of evidence matrix is Graham currently assessing?

Select one of the following:

  • Evidence base

  • Generalisability

  • Clinical impact

  • Applicability

Explanation

Question 90 of 122

1

Nia is working at a new psychology clinic. They tell her that it is protocol to monitor clients' perceptions of the therapeutic alliance and compliance to interventions every 2 months. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Routine outcome monitoring - outcomes

  • Routine outcome monitoring - process

  • Evidence based practice - effectiveness

  • Evidence based practice - key factors

Explanation

Question 91 of 122

1

Which therapy has level 1 evidence for most disorders?

Select one of the following:

  • CBT

  • Psychodynamic

  • DBT

  • Mindfulness

Explanation

Question 92 of 122

1

Which of the following is supported for use in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations?

Select one of the following:

  • Narrative therapy

  • EMDR

  • Psychoeducation

  • Family interventions

Explanation

Question 93 of 122

1

Which therapy proposes that dysfunctional thinking, which influences mood and behaviour, is common to all psychological disturbances?

Select one of the following:

  • CBT

  • Psychodynamic

  • DBT

  • ACT

Explanation

Question 94 of 122

1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding CBT?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the same for each client

  • It requires a sound therapeutic relationship

  • It challenges thoughts

  • It only focuses on the present

Explanation

Question 95 of 122

1

Which technique is used in CBT to go from automatic thoughts down to deeper cognitive beliefs?

Select one of the following:

  • Socratic quesitoning

  • Hot cognitions

  • Downward arrow

  • Self-monitoring

Explanation

Question 96 of 122

1

Khloe is running a fashion show and is worrying about what the audience thinks. Everyone in the audience is really into the show, however she spots one person in the audience who looks bored. She thinks, 'Oh no, my fashion show must be awful, I knew this was a bad idea.' What is this an example of?

Select one of the following:

  • Mind reading

  • Magnification and minimisation

  • Catastrophising

  • Polarised thinking

Explanation

Question 97 of 122

1

Ruby is currently in therapy and is discussing her relational difficulties. She tells her therapist that she has a hard time forming new relationships, because 'people are not trustworthy'. What level of cognition is this?

Select one of the following:

  • Automatic thought

  • Assumption

  • Rule

  • Core belief

Explanation

Question 98 of 122

1

Exploring aspects of the self that are to fully known is the essence of which therapy?

Select one of the following:

  • DBT

  • Psychodynamic

  • CBT

  • ACT

Explanation

Question 99 of 122

1

Raja has recently been missing her therapy sessions, as she is worried that her therapist will bring up the fact that she has not been eating. During her sessions, whenever this topic is brought up Raja quickly changes the topic. Raja's therapist is planning to focus on this in their next session. Which distinctive feature of the psychodynamic technique is this?

Select one of the following:

  • Focus on full range of affect and emotion

  • Discussion of past experience

  • Countertransference

  • Exploration of attempts to avoid distressing thoughts

Explanation

Question 100 of 122

1

Everything the client brings to therapy such as their mood, what happened to them in the last week, and their openness, accounts for _______ of the therapeutic outcomes?

Select one of the following:

  • 40%

  • 30%

  • 15%

  • 86%

Explanation

Question 101 of 122

1

Which of the following is a common critique of the common factors model?

Select one of the following:

  • May deskill therapists

  • Reduces development of new interventions

  • Focuses too much on the therapeutic model

  • Incorporates too much deliberate practice

Explanation

Question 102 of 122

1

Which of the following is a direct measure of sleep?

Select one of the following:

  • Polysomnography

  • Actigraphy

  • Sleep diary and log

  • There is no direct measure

Explanation

Question 103 of 122

1

Julie wants to measure sleep quantity subjectively over a long period of time. She wants to be able to do this easily with a low cost, and doesn't care too much about the impact of compliance. Which measure is best for this?

Select one of the following:

  • None of these fit her description

  • Polysomnography

  • Actigraphy

  • Sleep diary and log

Explanation

Question 104 of 122

1

Hillary is conducting a sleep assessment using a range of measures including PSG, actigraphy, and sleep diary. Her client is a 7 year old boy with ADHD and she is measuring his wake time and total sleep time. When looking at the measures between PSG and actigraphy, which discrepancy is Hillary likely to find?

Select one of the following:

  • PSG overestimates his wake time and underestimates total sleep time

  • PSG underestimates his wake time and overestimates total sleep time

  • Actigraphy underestimates his wake time and overestimates total sleep time

  • Actigraphy overestimates his wake time and underestimates total sleep time

Explanation

Question 105 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT a commonly presented sleep disorder?

Select one of the following:

  • Insomnia

  • Hypersomnolence

  • Narcolepsy

  • Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder

Explanation

Question 106 of 122

1

Which sleep disorder is purely based on subjective complaints of sleep and involves difficulty with early awakenings, sleep maintenance, and non-restorative sleep?

Select one of the following:

  • Insomnia

  • Narcolepsy

  • Hypersomnolence

  • Circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder

Explanation

Question 107 of 122

1

According to the 3P model, which factors contribute to chronic but not acute insomnia?

Select one of the following:

  • Poor coping mechanisms exacerbating sleep problems

  • Biological predisposition to sleep disorders

  • Substance use

  • None of these are correct

Explanation

Question 108 of 122

1

Hamish is having difficulty initiating sleep and waking early, and complains of anxiety around bed time. He often sits in bed, worrying about how much time he has left to sleep, and thinking about how it will impact him the next day. Without knowing how long this has been going on for, which type of insomnia is Hamish likely experiencing?

Select one of the following:

  • You cannot tell without knowing the duration of the complaint

  • Acute

  • Chronic

  • Intermediate

Explanation

Question 109 of 122

1

To treat his insomnia, Hamish's therapist tells him to get up and read a book in the kitchen if he cannot get to sleep within 15 minutes of going to bed. This is called ______ and is a _________ intervention.

Select one of the following:

  • Stimulus control; first-wave

  • Stimulus control; second-wave

  • Sleep hygiene; first-wave

  • Sleep hygiene; second-wave

Explanation

Question 110 of 122

1

People with insomnia typically have __________ scores on the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Questionnaire.

Select one of the following:

  • Higher

  • Lower

  • Intermediate

  • Variable

Explanation

Question 111 of 122

1

Hamish does this strategy, but tells his psychologist it isn't working. He says 'I try to read to make myself sleepy, I even make myself a tea to increase my sleepiness, but nothing works!' What part of the attention-intention-effort pathway does this behaviour belong to?

Select one of the following:

  • Attention

  • Intention

  • Effort

  • It belongs to all three

Explanation

Question 112 of 122

1

According to the metacognitive model, arousal which is caused by how one relates to cognitive activity of sleep is called

Select one of the following:

  • Primary arousal

  • Secondary arousal

  • Tertiary arousal

  • None of these options are correct

Explanation

Question 113 of 122

1

Jinny has recently been experiencing post-partum depression. As a result of this, she has been complaining of poor sleep quality and difficulty initiating sleep. What diagnosis best fits Jinny's complaints?

Select one of the following:

  • Primary insomnia

  • Secondary insomnia

  • Insomnia

  • Post-partum depression with insomnia features

Explanation

Question 114 of 122

1

A key aspect of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology is that it is

Select one of the following:

  • Bidirectional

  • Restricted

  • Category-based

  • Biologically-focused

Explanation

Question 115 of 122

1

Elena has been experiencing a significant amount of stress at work as she ha recently been promoted to a position in which she feels out of her depth. This prolonged stress means hat her HPA axis is constantly activated, and is modulating her blood pressure, lipids, and glucose. As a result, Elena has been getting sick very easily, and always seems to have a cold. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • Primary mediators

  • Secondary outcomes

  • The mind influencing the body

  • The body influencing the mind

Explanation

Question 116 of 122

1

fMRI studies have recently shown similar brain activity in people with anhedonia, and healthy controls injected with an endotoxin that increases inflammation. Supporting this, another study found that when participants were injected with the same inflammatory endotoxin, they experienced spikes in depressed mood and social disconnection. This is an example of

Select one of the following:

  • The mind influencing the body

  • The body influencing the mind

  • Primary mediators

  • Secondary outcomes

Explanation

Question 117 of 122

1

Which of the following aspects in a measure of depression would you NOT want to be included for use in people currently undergoing chemotherapy?

Select one of the following:

  • Loss of appetite

  • Low mood

  • Anhedonia

  • Suicidality

Explanation

Question 118 of 122

1

Which of the following health psychology assessment measures can be limited by a lack of appropriate training for the clinician, and limited generalisability to the natural environment?

Select one of the following:

  • Psychophysiological measures

  • Observation

  • Archival data

  • Psychometric instruments

Explanation

Question 119 of 122

1

A health psychologist wants to improve the amount of information they are able to collect during their clinical interview. They decide they want to understand more about client's current and past medications, and the side effects they experience from these, however they understand that it can be hard for clients to think of this on the spot. Which measure should they use to overcome this?

Select one of the following:

  • Structured clinical interview

  • Questionnaires mailed prior to apppointment

  • Broadband-general psychometric instruments

  • Archival data

Explanation

Question 120 of 122

1

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used intervention in health psychology?

Select one of the following:

  • Exercise

  • Mindfulness based stress reduction

  • DBT

  • Yoga

Explanation

Question 121 of 122

1

This measure is one of the most fundamental methods of assessment, can be unstructured or highly structured, and completed by the clinician or by the client themselves. It is limited by the subjectivity of the clinician, and if it is not integrated with other data sources. This measure is

Select one of the following:

  • Observation

  • Questionnaire

  • Clinical interview

  • Diary

Explanation

Question 122 of 122

1

Which of the following is an example of a Narrow focus - General psychometric instrument?

Select one of the following:

  • Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory - 2

  • Millon Behavioural Medicine Diagnostic

  • Beck Depression Inventory II

  • Multidimensional Pain Inventory

Explanation

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