BioMed II Exam 3

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Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are ( Unicellular, Multicellular ) and ( do not contain, contain ) a Nucleus.
They store their genetic information in ( Circular, Linear ) DNA and ( have, do not have ) a Cell Wall.

Eukaryotes are ( Multicellular, Unicellular ) and ( contain, do not contain ) a Nucleus.
They store their genetic information in ( Linear, Circular ) DNA and ( do not have, have ) a Cell Wall.

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Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell.

Capsule

Ribosomes

Cell Wall

Plasma Membrane

Nucleiod

Nucleus

Flagellum

Chromosome (DNA)

Fimbirae

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Which of these is a Gram Negative bacteria?

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Anaerobic bacteria differ from aerobic bacteria in which way?

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All of the following are host examples of host defenses that a microbe must bypass to initiate infection EXCEPT:

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Match the symbiotic type with its definition:
( Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism ) --> Good for Bacteria and Host
( Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism ) --> Good for Bacteria, no effect on the host
( Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism ) --> Good for Bacteria but Bad for the host

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Bacteria have a permanent presence within us while Bacteria have a short term presence.

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Transient bacteria drive out residential bacteria.

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Our blood/body fluids/internal tissues are always sterile.

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Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract.
( Many, Minimal ) Oral
( Minimal, Many ) Stomach
( Minimal, Many ) Small Intestines
( Many, Minimal ) Large Intestines
( Many, Minimal ) Colon

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Which is more prevalent in the gut?

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Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition.
--> Living in environments not containing oxygen
--> Living with or without oxygen
--> Living in oxygen containing environments

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Opportunistic infections happen when a bacteria begins to overgrow in a site that it is normally not abundant in due to conditions that make it favorable to do so.

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If the exclusionary effect becomes ineffective this can result in

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Nosocomial infections can be acquired from

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A lack of immune system priming results in

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Infections begins with ( Exposure, Entry, Multiply and Spread, Injury )
which leads to ( Entry, Exposure, Multiply and Spread, Injury )
then ( Multiply and Spread, Exposure, Entry, Injury )
which can result in ( Injury, Multiply and Spread, Exposure, Entry )

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Which of these are ways pathogens can enter the body?

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Which of the following would not be considered a nocosomal infection?

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Glycolipids and Glycoproteins can determine whether or not a bacteria attaches to an epithelial cell.

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Bacterial Adhesions are stronger than Bacterial Attachment Proteins.

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Bacteria multiply in the before Invasion.

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is caused by bacterial toxins destroying host cells and tissues while is caused by the host inflammatory response.

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Match the Bacterial Toxin with their definition.
❌ --> Target Nerves
❌ --> Target Cells
❌ --> Secreted by Bacterial Cells
❌ --> Part of a Gram - Bacterial Cell Membrane

Neurotoxin

Cytotoxin

Exotoxin

Endotoxin

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The Domain binds to the cell
The Domain Catalyzes intracellular reactions.

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Membrane Active Exotoxins have an indirect insertion into the host membrane that forms a pore causing cell leakage/lysis.

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Super Antigens bridge the gap between and causing a massive release of

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Endotoxins are ONLY associated with Gram - Cells

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PAMP stands for
PRR stands for

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Having a polysaccharide capsule can make it easier for bacteria to withstand attack from and the

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PAMPs are located on our cells while PRRs are located on Bacterial cells

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Bacteria avoid attack from the immune system through

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Bacteremia means

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Localized infections mean the pathogen or the toxins being released are concentrated in one area or tissue. The Localized effects also stay in that general area.

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Systemic Infections are where the pathogen enters the blood or several tissues. This can contain Cytokines, secreted toxins and presence of bacteria, viruses, or pathogens in the blood.

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SIRS stands for .

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You must have at least two of which of these symptoms for SIRS?

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Match the SIRS pro inflammatory cytokines with their function
TNF-Alpha --> ( Activates IL-1 and IL-6, Cellular Damage, Blood Clotting )
IL-1 --> ( Cellular Damage, Activates IL-1 and IL-6, Blood Clotting )
IL-6 --> ( Cellular Damage pt2, Activates IL-a and IL-6, Blood Clotting )
IL-8 --> ?
PAF --> ( Blood Clotting, Activates Il-1 and IL-6, Cellular Damage )

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In CARS counteracts the pro inflammatory activity of in SIRS

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When there is a SIRS response, and is what kicks off the cascade into Sepsis

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DIC stands for

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In MODS or , multiple organs begin to fail and stop working properly.

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The lungs are usually the first to fail in a syndrome called ARDS or

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The kidneys are usually next to fail in ARF or

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The infections that are most common with SIRS to cause sepsis are (in order)
1 ( Respiratory Tract, Genitourinary Tract, Intra-Abdominal, Device Related, Wounds/Soft Tissue, Primary Bacterium )
2 ( Genitourinary Tract, Respiratory Tract, Intra-Abdominal, Device Related, Wounds/Soft Tissue, Primary Bacterium )
3 ( Intra-Abdominal, Respiratory Tract, Genitourinary Tract, Device Related, Wounds/Soft Tissue, Primary Bacterium )
4 ( Device Related, Respiratory Tract, Genitourinary Tract, Intra-Abdominal, Wounds/Soft Tissue, Primary Bacterium )
5 ( Wounds/Soft Tissue, Respiratory Tract, Genitourinary Tract, Inra-Abdominal, Device Related, Primary Bacterium )
6 ( Primary Bacterium, Respiratory Tract, Genitourinary Tract, Intra-Abdominal, Device Related, Wounds/Soft Tissue )

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Pathogens commonly associated with sepsis in order
1 ( Gram Positive Aerobes, Gram Negative Aerobes, Anaerobes, Fungi, Polymicrobial )
2 ( Gram Negative Aerobes, Gram Positive Aerobes, Anaerobes, Fungi, Polymicrobial )
3 ( Anaerobes, Gram Positive Aerobes, Gram Negative Aerobes, Fungi, Polymicrobial )
4 ( Fungi, Gram Positive Aerobes, Gram Negative Aerobes, Anaerobes, Polymicrobial )
5 ( Polymicrobial, Gram Positive Aerobes, Gram Negative Aerobes, Anaerobes, Fungi )

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The damage from Gram Positive Sepsis comes from the , , and .

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Lectures Medical Biology I II and III

BioMed II Exam 3

Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell.

Which of these is a Gram Negative bacteria?

Anaerobic bacteria differ from aerobic bacteria in which way?

All of the following are host examples of host defenses that a microbe must bypass to initiate infection EXCEPT:

Bacteria have a permanent presence within us while Bacteria have a short term presence.

Transient bacteria drive out residential bacteria.

Our blood/body fluids/internal tissues are always sterile.

Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract. Many Minimal( Many, Minimal ) Oral Minimal Many( Minimal, Many ) Stomach Minimal Many( Minimal, Many ) Small Intestines Many Minimal( Many, Minimal ) Large Intestines Many Minimal( Many, Minimal ) Colon

Which is more prevalent in the gut?

Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition. --> Living in environments not containing oxygen --> Living with or without oxygen --> Living in oxygen containing environments

Opportunistic infections happen when a bacteria begins to overgrow in a site that it is normally not abundant in due to conditions that make it favorable to do so.

If the exclusionary effect becomes ineffective this can result in

Nosocomial infections can be acquired from

A lack of immune system priming results in

Which of these are ways pathogens can enter the body?

Which of the following would not be considered a nocosomal infection?

Glycolipids and Glycoproteins can determine whether or not a bacteria attaches to an epithelial cell.

Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract.
( Many, Minimal ) Oral
( Minimal, Many ) Stomach
( Minimal, Many ) Small Intestines
( Many, Minimal ) Large Intestines
( Many, Minimal ) Colon

Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition.
--> Living in environments not containing oxygen
--> Living with or without oxygen
--> Living in oxygen containing environments

Match the Bacterial Toxin with their definition.
❌ --> Target Nerves
❌ --> Target Cells
❌ --> Secreted by Bacterial Cells
❌ --> Part of a Gram - Bacterial Cell Membrane

The Domain binds to the cell
The Domain Catalyzes intracellular reactions.

PAMP stands for
PRR stands for